freezing stresses

简明释义

冻结应力

英英释义

例句

1.Construction workers need to be aware of freezing stresses when pouring concrete in low temperatures.

在低温下浇筑混凝土时，施工人员需要注意冷冻应力。

2.Proper insulation is essential to minimize freezing stresses in pipes during winter months.

适当的绝缘材料对于减少冬季管道中的冷冻应力至关重要。

3.In cold climates, buildings must be designed to withstand freezing stresses caused by temperature fluctuations.

在寒冷气候中，建筑物必须设计成能够承受由温度波动引起的冷冻应力。

4.The engineers are studying the effects of freezing stresses on concrete structures during winter.

工程师们正在研究冬季对混凝土结构的冷冻应力影响。

5.The research team found that freezing stresses can lead to significant material degradation over time.

研究小组发现，冷冻应力会导致材料随时间显著降解。

作文

In the field of engineering and materials science, understanding the concept of freezing stresses is crucial for ensuring the structural integrity of various materials under extreme conditions. Freezing stresses refer to the internal stresses that develop within a material when it undergoes a phase change from liquid to solid, particularly during the freezing process. This phenomenon is particularly significant in the context of concrete, metals, and other materials that are exposed to low temperatures.When water freezes, it expands by approximately 9%. This expansion can create immense pressure within confined spaces, such as pipes, walls, or even within the crystalline structure of ice itself. If the surrounding material cannot accommodate this expansion, it may lead to cracks or fractures, compromising the material's overall strength and durability. Understanding freezing stresses is essential for engineers who design structures that will be exposed to cold environments, such as bridges, roads, and buildings in northern climates.One of the most common examples of freezing stresses occurs in concrete. When concrete is poured in cold weather, the water within the mix can freeze before the concrete has fully cured. This freezing can generate significant internal stresses, leading to what is known as freeze-thaw damage. Over time, repeated cycles of freezing and thawing can cause the concrete to deteriorate, leading to spalling and loss of structural integrity. To mitigate these effects, engineers often use admixtures that lower the freezing point of water or incorporate air-entraining agents that create tiny air bubbles within the concrete, allowing for the accommodation of expansion without causing damage.Metals also experience freezing stresses during the solidification process. For instance, when molten metal cools and solidifies, it contracts. If this contraction is constrained by the mold or surrounding material, residual stresses can develop. These stresses can affect the mechanical properties of the metal, including its tensile strength and ductility. In some cases, these stresses can lead to warping or cracking during subsequent processing or use. Therefore, understanding how to control freezing stresses during the casting process is vital for producing high-quality metal components.In addition to engineering applications, freezing stresses also have implications in natural processes. For example, in geology, the formation of ice in rocks can exert tremendous forces, leading to weathering and erosion. The freeze-thaw cycle can break down rocks and contribute to the formation of soil, which is essential for plant growth and ecosystem health. Understanding these natural processes helps scientists predict geological changes and manage natural resources effectively.In conclusion, freezing stresses play a significant role in both engineered materials and natural processes. By studying and understanding these stresses, engineers and scientists can develop better materials and structures that withstand the harsh effects of freezing temperatures. Whether it’s through the use of advanced materials in construction or the study of natural weathering processes, the concept of freezing stresses is integral to both fields. As we continue to explore the effects of temperature on materials, the importance of managing freezing stresses will only grow, highlighting the need for ongoing research and innovation in this area.

在工程和材料科学领域，理解“freezing stresses”这一概念对于确保各种材料在极端条件下的结构完整性至关重要。“freezing stresses”指的是在材料经历从液态到固态的相变过程中，特别是在冻结过程中，内部产生的应力。这一现象在混凝土、金属以及其他暴露于低温环境中的材料中尤为重要。当水结冰时，其体积会膨胀约9%。这种膨胀可能在封闭空间内产生巨大的压力，比如管道、墙壁，甚至冰的晶体结构内。如果周围材料无法容纳这种膨胀，就可能导致裂缝或断裂，从而损害材料的整体强度和耐久性。理解“freezing stresses”对于设计将暴露于寒冷环境中的结构的工程师来说至关重要，例如北方气候中的桥梁、道路和建筑物。“freezing stresses”最常见的例子发生在混凝土中。当混凝土在寒冷天气中浇筑时，混合物中的水可能会在混凝土完全固化之前就结冰。这种冻结会产生显著的内部应力，导致所谓的冻融损伤。随着时间的推移，反复的冻结和融化循环可能会导致混凝土恶化，造成剥落和结构完整性的丧失。为了减轻这些影响，工程师通常使用降低水的冰点的添加剂，或加入引气剂，在混凝土中形成微小的气泡，以便在不造成损坏的情况下容纳膨胀。金属在固化过程中也会经历“freezing stresses”。例如，当熔融金属冷却并固化时，它会收缩。如果这种收缩被模具或周围材料限制，残余应力就会产生。这些应力会影响金属的机械性能，包括其抗拉强度和延展性。在某些情况下，这些应力可能导致后续加工或使用过程中出现翘曲或开裂。因此，理解如何控制铸造过程中的“freezing stresses”对于生产高质量金属组件至关重要。除了工程应用，“freezing stresses”在自然过程中也有影响。例如，在地质学中，岩石中的冰的形成可能施加巨大的力量，导致风化和侵蚀。冻融循环可以破坏岩石，并有助于土壤的形成，而土壤对植物生长和生态系统健康至关重要。理解这些自然过程帮助科学家预测地质变化并有效管理自然资源。总之，“freezing stresses”在工程材料和自然过程中都发挥着重要作用。通过研究和理解这些应力，工程师和科学家可以开发出更好的材料和结构，以承受冻结温度的恶劣影响。无论是通过在建筑中使用先进材料，还是研究自然风化过程，“freezing stresses”的概念对于这两个领域都是不可或缺的。随着我们继续探索温度对材料的影响，管理“freezing stresses”的重要性只会增加，这突显了在这一领域持续研究和创新的必要性。