brittle fracture

简明释义

脆性破坏

英英释义

例句

1.After the accident, a thorough analysis revealed that brittle fracture (脆性断裂) was the primary cause of the failure.

事故发生后，彻底分析显示脆性断裂是故障的主要原因。

2.To prevent brittle fracture (脆性断裂), engineers recommended using materials with higher ductility.

为了防止脆性断裂，工程师建议使用具有更高延展性的材料。

3.During the inspection, we found evidence of brittle fracture (脆性断裂) on the surface of the component.

在检查过程中，我们发现组件表面有脆性断裂的迹象。

4.The research focused on understanding the conditions that promote brittle fracture (脆性断裂) in polymers.

研究集中在理解促进聚合物脆性断裂的条件上。

5.The engineer explained that the metal's tendency to undergo brittle fracture (脆性断裂) could lead to catastrophic failures in structures.

工程师解释说，金属的脆性断裂倾向可能会导致结构的灾难性故障。

作文

In the field of materials science, understanding the different types of fractures is crucial for engineers and designers. One of the most important concepts to grasp is brittle fracture, which refers to a type of failure that occurs in materials when they break without significant plastic deformation. Unlike ductile fracture, where materials undergo considerable deformation before breaking, brittle fracture happens suddenly and can lead to catastrophic structural failures. This phenomenon is often observed in materials such as glass, ceramics, and certain metals, particularly at low temperatures or under high strain rates. To comprehend brittle fracture, it is vital to consider the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this type of failure. When a material experiences stress, it may reach a point where its atomic bonds can no longer withstand the applied forces. In brittle materials, these bonds break without warning, resulting in sharp cracks that propagate quickly through the material. This rapid crack propagation is a defining characteristic of brittle fracture and distinguishes it from other forms of fracture. The implications of brittle fracture are significant in engineering applications. For instance, when designing structures like bridges or buildings, engineers must carefully select materials that can withstand the expected loads while minimizing the risk of brittle fracture. Failure to account for this can lead to disastrous consequences, including loss of life and substantial economic damage. Therefore, understanding the conditions that promote brittle fracture is essential for ensuring safety and reliability in engineering designs. Several factors influence the likelihood of brittle fracture occurring in a material. Temperature is one of the most critical factors; materials that are ductile at higher temperatures may become brittle at lower temperatures. This transition can be particularly dangerous in environments where temperature fluctuations are common. Additionally, the presence of impurities or defects within a material can act as stress concentrators, increasing the risk of brittle fracture. Engineers must conduct thorough material testing and analysis to identify these vulnerabilities. Another important aspect of brittle fracture is its relationship with fatigue. Repeated loading and unloading can weaken materials over time, making them more susceptible to brittle fracture even if they initially appear to be strong. This is why regular maintenance and inspections are critical for structures that experience cyclic loading, such as bridges and aircraft. By monitoring for signs of fatigue, engineers can take proactive measures to prevent brittle fracture and extend the lifespan of critical infrastructure. In conclusion, brittle fracture is a fundamental concept in materials science that has far-reaching implications in engineering and design. Understanding the mechanisms behind this type of failure, as well as the factors that influence its occurrence, is essential for creating safe and reliable structures. As technology advances and new materials are developed, ongoing research will continue to shed light on how to mitigate the risks associated with brittle fracture and improve the overall performance of materials used in various applications.

在材料科学领域，理解不同类型的断裂对于工程师和设计师至关重要。一个最重要的概念是brittle fracture，它指的是当材料在没有显著塑性变形的情况下破裂时发生的一种失效类型。与韧性断裂不同，韧性断裂是指材料在破裂前经历相当大的变形，而brittle fracture则是突然发生的，可能导致灾难性的结构失效。这种现象通常出现在玻璃、陶瓷和某些金属等材料中，特别是在低温或高应变速率下。要理解brittle fracture，必须考虑导致这种失效类型的基本机制。当材料经历应力时，它可能达到一个点，在这个点上其原子键无法再承受施加的力量。在脆性材料中，这些原子键会毫无预警地断裂，导致快速传播的尖锐裂缝。这种快速裂缝传播是brittle fracture的一个定义特征，并将其与其他形式的断裂区分开来。brittle fracture的影响在工程应用中非常重要。例如，在设计桥梁或建筑物等结构时，工程师必须仔细选择能够承受预期负载的材料，同时最小化brittle fracture的风险。如果不考虑这一点，可能会导致灾难性的后果，包括生命损失和巨大的经济损失。因此，理解促进brittle fracture发生的条件对于确保工程设计的安全性和可靠性至关重要。多种因素影响材料发生brittle fracture的可能性。温度是最关键的因素之一；在较高温度下韧性的材料在较低温度下可能变得脆性。这种转变在温度波动频繁的环境中尤其危险。此外，材料内部存在的杂质或缺陷可能作为应力集中点，增加brittle fracture的风险。工程师必须进行彻底的材料测试和分析，以识别这些脆弱性。brittle fracture的另一个重要方面是其与疲劳的关系。反复加载和卸载可能会随着时间的推移削弱材料，使其即使在最初看起来强壮的情况下也更容易发生brittle fracture。这就是为什么定期维护和检查对经历循环加载的结构（如桥梁和飞机）至关重要。通过监测疲劳迹象，工程师可以采取主动措施来防止brittle fracture并延长关键基础设施的使用寿命。总之，brittle fracture是材料科学中的一个基本概念，对工程和设计有深远的影响。理解这种失效类型背后的机制，以及影响其发生的因素，对于创建安全可靠的结构至关重要。随着技术的进步和新材料的发展，持续的研究将继续揭示如何减轻与brittle fracture相关的风险，并改善各种应用中所用材料的整体性能。