brittle failure

简明释义

脆性破坏

英英释义

例句

1.Understanding brittle failure is crucial for predicting the lifespan of certain materials.

理解脆性破坏对于预测某些材料的使用寿命至关重要。

2.The glass showed signs of brittle failure after being exposed to extreme temperatures.

玻璃在经历极端温度后显示出脆性破坏的迹象。

3.The bridge collapsed due to a brittle failure, which means it broke suddenly without much deformation.

这座桥因发生脆性破坏而倒塌，这意味着它在没有太多变形的情况下突然断裂。

4.Engineers must consider the risk of brittle failure when designing materials for high-stress environments.

工程师在为高应力环境设计材料时，必须考虑脆性破坏的风险。

5.A brittle failure in the steel components led to the machinery malfunctioning.

钢部件的脆性破坏导致机器故障。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the concept of brittle failure is crucial for designing safe and reliable structures. Brittle failure refers to a type of fracture that occurs in materials with little to no plastic deformation prior to breaking. This means that the material does not exhibit significant warning signs before it fails, which can lead to catastrophic results in engineering applications. For instance, when a glass bottle is dropped, it shatters suddenly without any noticeable deformation, exemplifying brittle failure. To further comprehend brittle failure, we must examine the characteristics of materials that are prone to this type of failure. Generally, materials such as ceramics, certain plastics, and some metals at low temperatures tend to exhibit brittle failure. The atomic structure of these materials plays a significant role in determining their failure modes. In brittle materials, atomic bonds are strong and rigid, which means they do not allow for much movement or deformation under stress. When the applied stress exceeds a critical threshold, the material fractures almost instantaneously. One of the most significant concerns regarding brittle failure is its unpredictability. Unlike ductile materials, which undergo noticeable deformation before failure, brittle materials can fail without any prior warning. This characteristic poses serious risks in various industries, particularly in construction and aerospace. Engineers must account for the possibility of brittle failure when selecting materials for critical components. For example, steel used in bridge construction must be carefully chosen to ensure it maintains ductility even in colder temperatures, where it may otherwise become more susceptible to brittle failure. Preventing brittle failure involves several strategies. One approach is to modify the material properties through alloying or heat treatment. By adding certain elements or altering the microstructure, engineers can enhance the toughness of a material, making it less likely to experience brittle failure. Additionally, proper design practices can help mitigate the risks associated with brittle failure. This includes implementing safety factors, conducting thorough testing, and using redundancy in critical systems to ensure that if one component fails, others can take over its function. Moreover, understanding the environment in which a material will be used is essential. Temperature fluctuations, humidity, and exposure to chemicals can all influence the likelihood of brittle failure. For instance, materials that perform well in moderate conditions might become brittle in extreme cold or corrosive environments. Therefore, engineers must consider the operating conditions when selecting materials to avoid unexpected failures. In conclusion, brittle failure represents a significant challenge in materials engineering. Its sudden nature can lead to disastrous consequences if not properly addressed. By understanding the properties of different materials, employing effective design strategies, and considering environmental factors, engineers can minimize the risks associated with brittle failure. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach to material selection and design can help ensure the safety and reliability of structures and systems in our everyday lives.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解brittle failure的概念对于设计安全可靠的结构至关重要。Brittle failure指的是一种断裂类型，在这种情况下，材料在破裂前几乎没有塑性变形。这意味着材料在失败之前不会表现出明显的预警信号，这可能导致工程应用中的灾难性后果。例如，当一个玻璃瓶被扔下时，它会突然碎裂而没有明显的变形，这就是brittle failure的例证。为了更好地理解brittle failure，我们必须检查易于发生这种类型失败的材料特性。通常，陶瓷、某些塑料以及在低温下的一些金属往往会表现出brittle failure。这些材料的原子结构在决定它们的失败模式中起着重要作用。在脆性材料中，原子键强而刚性，这意味着它们在应力下几乎不允许任何运动或变形。当施加的应力超过临界阈值时，材料几乎瞬间断裂。关于brittle failure的一个重大担忧是其不可预测性。与延展性材料不同，延展性材料在失败前会经历明显的变形，而脆性材料则可能在没有任何先兆的情况下失败。这种特性在各个行业中都带来了严重风险，尤其是在建筑和航空航天领域。工程师在选择关键组件的材料时，必须考虑到brittle failure的可能性。例如，用于桥梁建设的钢材必须经过仔细选择，以确保即使在较低温度下也能保持延展性，否则可能会更加容易遭受brittle failure。防止brittle failure涉及几种策略。一种方法是通过合金化或热处理来改变材料特性。通过添加某些元素或改变微观结构，工程师可以增强材料的韧性，使其不太可能经历brittle failure。此外，适当的设计实践可以帮助减轻与brittle failure相关的风险。这包括实施安全系数、进行彻底测试，以及在关键系统中使用冗余，以确保如果一个组件失败，其他组件可以接管其功能。此外，了解材料将要使用的环境也是至关重要的。温度波动、湿度和化学物质的暴露都可能影响brittle failure的可能性。例如，在适度条件下表现良好的材料可能在极端寒冷或腐蚀性环境中变得脆弱。因此，工程师在选择材料时，必须考虑操作条件，以避免意外失败。总之，brittle failure在材料工程中代表了一个重大挑战。其突发性可能导致灾难性的后果，如果不加以妥善解决。通过理解不同材料的特性、采用有效的设计策略以及考虑环境因素，工程师可以最大限度地减少与brittle failure相关的风险。最终，对材料选择和设计的全面方法可以帮助确保我们日常生活中结构和系统的安全性和可靠性。