privateering

简明释义

英[ˌpraɪvəˈtɪəɪŋ]美[ˌpraɪvəˈtɪrɪŋ]

n. 掳获商船；以私掠船巡逻

v. 私掠巡航（privateer 的 ing 形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.European powers agree to end privateering.

欧洲列强同意停止私掠船的行径。

2.He became a pirate after he ran away from home and joined the crew on a privateering ship.

当他离家出走之后他就成为了一名海盗，并加入了一个海盗船上的团队。

3.He had a privateering commission to attack a French trading post in the town of Goree off the coast of Africa.

他作为一名海盗船长的任务就是在非洲海岸的戈雷岛上袭击一个法国的交易栈

4.Morgan was unaware that England and Spain signed a peace treaty which ended the privateering of the ships from both countries.

摩根没有意识到，英国和西班牙之间的签订的和平条约实际上终止了来自这两个国家的海盗活动。

5.Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering.

私掠许可证：从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。

6.Morgan was unaware that England and Spain signed a peace treaty which ended the privateering of the ships from both countries.

摩根没有意识到，英国和西班牙之间的签订的和平条约实际上终止了来自这两个国家的海盗活动。

7.Letters of Marque: Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering.

私掠许可证：从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。

8.Some historians argue that privateering 私掠 was a legitimate form of warfare in its time.

一些历史学家认为，私掠 privateering在其时代是一种合法的战争形式。

9.The economic benefits of privateering 私掠 attracted many adventurers seeking fortune on the high seas.

经济利益使得私掠 privateering吸引了许多寻求财富的冒险者。

10.During the 17th century, many nations resorted to privateering 私掠 to boost their naval power without the expense of maintaining a large fleet.

在17世纪，许多国家诉诸于私掠 privateering来增强他们的海军力量，而无需承担维护大型舰队的费用。

11.Pirates and privateering 私掠 often blurred the lines, making it difficult to distinguish between them.

海盗与私掠 privateering常常模糊界限，使人们难以区分二者。

12.The government issued letters of marque to authorize privateering 私掠 against enemy ships.

政府发放了私掠许可证，以授权对敌船进行私掠 privateering。

作文

In the annals of maritime history, the term privateering refers to a practice where private individuals or ships are authorized by a government to attack foreign vessels, particularly during times of war. This concept emerged prominently in the 16th century and played a significant role in naval warfare. The essence of privateering lies in its dual nature; it is both a form of commerce and a military strategy. By commissioning privateers, governments could augment their naval power without the financial burden of maintaining large fleets. Privateers were often seen as heroes in their home countries, celebrated for their daring exploits and contributions to national interests. They operated under letters of marque, which were official documents granting them permission to engage in acts of war against enemy ships. This legal framework distinguished them from pirates, who operated outside the law and without governmental sanction. However, the line between privateering and piracy was often blurred, leading to complex legal and moral dilemmas.The economic implications of privateering were substantial. It allowed nations to disrupt enemy trade routes and seize valuable cargo without incurring the costs associated with a standing navy. For instance, during the Anglo-Spanish War, English privateers like Sir Francis Drake became infamous for their successful raids on Spanish galleons, significantly impacting Spain's wealth and naval capabilities. These actions not only enriched the privateers but also bolstered the economy of their home countries.However, the practice of privateering began to decline in the 19th century as international laws and conventions evolved. The establishment of more structured naval forces and the growing recognition of the need for order on the seas led to the eventual outlawing of privateering. The Declaration of Paris in 1856 marked a turning point, as many nations agreed to prohibit the practice, recognizing that it often led to indiscriminate violence and instability in maritime trade.Today, the legacy of privateering can be seen in discussions about modern maritime security and the regulation of private military companies. While the context has changed, the fundamental issues surrounding state-sanctioned violence and the role of private entities in warfare remain relevant. As we reflect on the historical significance of privateering, it serves as a reminder of the complex interplay between commerce, legality, and morality in the realm of international relations.In conclusion, privateering represents a fascinating chapter in the history of naval warfare, illustrating how private interests can intersect with national agendas. Its impact on trade, economics, and international law continues to resonate today, prompting ongoing debates about the role of private actors in conflict and the importance of maintaining order on the high seas. Understanding privateering not only enriches our knowledge of maritime history but also encourages us to critically evaluate the implications of private military actions in contemporary global affairs.

在海洋历史的记载中，术语privateering指的是一种做法，即私人个人或船只在政府授权下攻击外国船只，尤其是在战争时期。这一概念在16世纪显著出现，并在海军战争中发挥了重要作用。privateering的本质在于其双重性质；它既是一种商业形式，又是一种军事策略。通过委任私掠者，政府可以在不承担维持大型舰队的财政负担的情况下增强其海军力量。私掠者在其祖国常常被视为英雄，以其大胆的壮举和对国家利益的贡献而受到庆祝。他们在官方文件——授权书下经营，该文件授予他们对敌方船只进行战争行为的许可。这一法律框架将他们与海盗区分开来，后者在法律之外运作且没有政府的允许。然而，privateering与海盗之间的界限往往模糊，导致复杂的法律和道德困境。privateering的经济影响是巨大的。它使国家能够破坏敌方的贸易路线并夺取有价值的货物，而无需承担维持常备海军的费用。例如，在英西战争期间，像弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士这样的英国私掠者因成功袭击西班牙战舰而臭名昭著，对西班牙的财富和海军能力产生了重大影响。这些行动不仅使私掠者致富，也促进了他们祖国的经济。然而，随着国际法律和公约的发展，privateering的做法在19世纪开始衰退。更为结构化的海军力量的建立以及对维护海上秩序必要性的日益认识，导致最终禁止了privateering。1856年的巴黎宣言标志着一个转折点，因为许多国家同意禁止这一做法，认识到这往往导致海上贸易中的无差别暴力和不稳定。今天，privateering的遗产可以在关于现代海洋安全和私人军事公司的规制讨论中看到。虽然背景已经改变，但国家批准的暴力和私人实体在战争中的角色等基本问题仍然相关。当我们反思privateering的历史重要性时，它提醒我们私人利益如何与国家议程交织在一起。理解privateering不仅丰富了我们对海洋历史的知识，还鼓励我们批判性地评估当代全球事务中私人军事行动的影响。