vibrational excitation

简明释义

振动激励

英英释义

例句

1.The researchers studied the effects of temperature on the vibrational excitation 振动激发 of the molecules in the sample.

研究人员研究了温度对样品中分子的振动激发 vibrational excitation 的影响。

2.Understanding vibrational excitation 振动激发 is crucial for developing new materials with specific properties.

理解振动激发 vibrational excitation 对于开发具有特定性质的新材料至关重要。

3.The laser pulse induced vibrational excitation 振动激发 in the crystal lattice, leading to a phase transition.

激光脉冲在晶格中诱导了振动激发 vibrational excitation，导致了相变。

4.In spectroscopy, the vibrational excitation 振动激发 of atoms can provide valuable information about their energy levels.

在光谱学中，原子的振动激发 vibrational excitation 可以提供有关其能级的宝贵信息。

5.The study focused on how vibrational excitation 振动激发 affects chemical reaction rates.

研究集中在振动激发 vibrational excitation 如何影响化学反应速率。

作文

In the realm of physics and chemistry, understanding molecular behavior is crucial for various applications, from drug design to materials science. One important concept in this field is vibrational excitation, which refers to the increase in energy levels of a molecule due to vibrational motion. When molecules absorb energy, they can transition from a lower vibrational state to a higher one, leading to what is known as vibrational excitation.

To grasp the significance of vibrational excitation, it is essential to consider how molecules behave at the atomic level. Molecules are composed of atoms that are bonded together, and these bonds can stretch and compress, much like springs. When thermal energy is added to a system, it causes these bonds to oscillate more vigorously. This oscillation is not just random movement; it is a coherent motion that can be described mathematically. The energy associated with these vibrations can be quantized, meaning that molecules can only exist in specific vibrational states. When a molecule absorbs a photon of light, for instance, it may gain enough energy to move from its ground vibrational state to an excited state, resulting in vibrational excitation.

The implications of vibrational excitation are vast. In spectroscopy, for example, scientists utilize this phenomenon to identify substances. Infrared spectroscopy relies on the fact that different bonds will vibrate at characteristic frequencies. When a molecule undergoes vibrational excitation, it absorbs infrared light at specific wavelengths. By analyzing the absorption spectrum, researchers can determine the molecular structure and functional groups present in a compound.

Moreover, vibrational excitation plays a significant role in chemical reactions. The energy associated with vibrational modes can influence reaction pathways and activation energies. In many cases, reactants need to overcome a certain energy barrier to transform into products. If the vibrational energy of the reactants is sufficient, it can facilitate the breaking of bonds and the formation of new ones, thus driving the reaction forward. This highlights the interconnectedness of vibrational dynamics and chemical kinetics.

In addition to its role in spectroscopy and chemical reactions, vibrational excitation has implications in fields such as materials science and nanotechnology. For instance, understanding how materials respond to vibrational energy can lead to the development of better sensors, catalysts, and even energy-harvesting devices. As researchers delve deeper into the quantum mechanical aspects of vibrational excitation, they uncover new possibilities for manipulating molecular interactions and designing innovative materials.

In conclusion, vibrational excitation is a fundamental concept that bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications in science and engineering. Its significance extends across various disciplines, providing insights into molecular behavior, facilitating analytical techniques, and driving advancements in technology. By continuing to explore and understand vibrational excitation, we can unlock new avenues for research and innovation, ultimately enhancing our ability to harness the power of molecular interactions for the benefit of society.

在物理和化学领域，理解分子行为对药物设计、材料科学等各种应用至关重要。其中一个重要概念是振动激发，它指的是由于振动运动而导致分子能级的增加。当分子吸收能量时，它们可以从较低的振动状态过渡到较高的状态，这被称为振动激发。

要理解振动激发的重要性，必须考虑分子在原子层面的行为。分子由原子组成，这些原子相互结合，这些键可以像弹簧一样伸展和压缩。当热能被加入到系统中时，它会导致这些键更强烈地振荡。这种振荡不是随机运动；它是一种可以用数学描述的相干运动。与这些振动相关的能量是量子化的，这意味着分子只能存在于特定的振动状态。当一个分子吸收光子的能量时，例如，它可能获得足够的能量以使其从基态振动状态跃迁到激发状态，从而导致振动激发。

振动激发的影响是广泛的。例如，在光谱学中，科学家利用这一现象来识别物质。红外光谱学依赖于不同的键将在特定频率下振动的事实。当一个分子经历振动激发时，它会在特定波长下吸收红外光。通过分析吸收光谱，研究人员可以确定化合物中的分子结构和官能团。

此外，振动激发在化学反应中也起着重要作用。与振动模式相关的能量可以影响反应路径和活化能。在许多情况下，反应物需要克服一定的能量障碍才能转变为产物。如果反应物的振动能量足够，它可以促进键的断裂和新键的形成，从而推动反应的进行。这突显了振动动力学与化学动力学之间的相互联系。

除了在光谱学和化学反应中的作用外，振动激发在材料科学和纳米技术等领域也具有重要意义。例如，了解材料如何响应振动能量可以导致更好的传感器、催化剂甚至能量收集设备的发展。随着研究人员深入探讨振动激发的量子力学方面，他们发现了操纵分子相互作用和设计创新材料的新可能性。

总之，振动激发是一个基本概念，它架起了理论知识与科学和工程实践应用之间的桥梁。它的重要性跨越多个学科，为分子行为提供了见解，促进了分析技术的发展，并推动了技术的进步。通过继续探索和理解振动激发，我们可以开启新的研究和创新途径，最终增强我们利用分子相互作用的能力，以造福社会。