vertical effect

简明释义

垂直效应

英英释义

例句

1.In the context of environmental regulations, the vertical effect refers to how laws impact various levels of government.

在环境法规的背景下，垂直效应指的是法律如何影响各级政府。

2.The vertical effect of climate change initiatives is evident in the way cities are adapting their infrastructure.

气候变化倡议的垂直效应在城市适应基础设施的方式中显而易见。

3.The new policy has a significant vertical effect on the company's hierarchy, leading to clearer communication channels.

新政策对公司的层级结构产生了显著的垂直效应，使沟通渠道更加明确。

4.Understanding the vertical effect of economic policies helps analysts predict outcomes at both local and national levels.

理解经济政策的垂直效应有助于分析师预测地方和国家层面的结果。

5.The vertical effect of the new educational reforms can be seen in improved student performance across different grades.

新教育改革的垂直效应可以在不同年级的学生表现提升中看到。

作文

The concept of vertical effect is crucial in understanding how laws and regulations influence individuals and entities within a hierarchical structure. In the context of legal studies, the term refers to the ability of certain legal provisions to create obligations or rights that can be enforced vertically, meaning from a higher authority to a lower one. This principle is particularly relevant in the field of European Union law, where directives can have a vertical effect on member states, requiring them to implement specific regulations at the national level. To illustrate this, consider the case of a new environmental directive issued by the European Union. When this directive is adopted, it imposes obligations on member states to enact legislation that complies with the directive's requirements. If a member state fails to do so, individuals within that state may invoke the directive in national courts, thereby demonstrating the vertical effect of EU law. This means that citizens can rely on the rights granted by the directive against their own government, highlighting the direct impact of higher legal authority on lower entities.Moreover, the vertical effect is not limited to international or regional law; it also applies to domestic legal frameworks. For instance, in many countries, constitutional provisions have a vertical effect that allows citizens to challenge actions taken by government bodies that violate their constitutional rights. This ensures that individuals can seek justice and hold authorities accountable, reinforcing the rule of law.Understanding the vertical effect is essential for legal practitioners, policymakers, and citizens alike. It empowers individuals by providing them with a mechanism to enforce their rights and obligations derived from higher legal norms. Furthermore, it fosters a system of checks and balances within governance structures, ensuring that those in power are held accountable for their actions.In conclusion, the vertical effect serves as a fundamental principle in both international and domestic law, illustrating the relationship between different levels of authority and their impact on individuals. By comprehending this concept, we can better appreciate the mechanisms through which laws operate and the rights afforded to us as citizens. The vertical effect not only enhances our understanding of legal frameworks but also reinforces the importance of accountability and justice in society.

‘垂直效应’这一概念在理解法律和规章如何影响层级结构中的个人和实体时至关重要。在法律研究的背景下，该术语指的是某些法律条款能够产生义务或权利的能力，这些义务或权利可以在垂直方向上被强制执行，意味着从更高的权威到较低的权威。这个原则在欧盟法领域特别相关，因为指令可以对成员国产生‘垂直效应’，要求它们在国家层面实施特定的法规。为了说明这一点，可以考虑欧盟发布的一项新的环境指令。当这项指令被采纳时，它对成员国施加了义务，要求其制定符合指令要求的立法。如果一个成员国未能做到这一点，该国的公民可以在国家法院中引用该指令，从而展示欧盟法律的‘垂直效应’。这意味着公民可以依据指令赋予的权利对抗自己的政府，突显了更高法律权威对较低实体的直接影响。此外，‘垂直效应’不仅限于国际或区域法律；它同样适用于国内法律框架。例如，在许多国家，宪法条款具有‘垂直效应’，允许公民挑战政府机构采取的违反其宪法权利的行动。这确保了个人能够寻求正义并追究当局的责任，强化了法治。理解‘垂直效应’对于法律从业者、政策制定者和公民来说都是至关重要的。它通过为个人提供一种机制，使他们能够强制执行源自更高法律规范的权利和义务，从而赋予了个人权力。此外，它促进了治理结构中的制衡系统，确保掌权者对其行为负责。总之，‘垂直效应’作为国际和国内法律中的基本原则，阐明了不同权威层级之间的关系及其对个人的影响。通过理解这一概念，我们可以更好地欣赏法律运作的机制以及作为公民所享有的权利。‘垂直效应’不仅增强了我们对法律框架的理解，还强化了社会中问责制和正义的重要性。