output gap

简明释义

输出隙

英英释义

例句

1.A positive output gap indicates that the economy is operating above its potential.

正的产出缺口表明经济运行在其潜力之上。

2.The central bank is monitoring the output gap to adjust interest rates effectively.

中央银行正在监测产出缺口以有效调整利率。

3.During a recession, the output gap tends to widen as demand decreases.

在经济衰退期间，随着需求下降，产出缺口往往会扩大。

4.Economists use the output gap to assess the health of the economy.

经济学家使用产出缺口来评估经济的健康状况。

5.Reducing the output gap can lead to increased employment opportunities.

减少产出缺口可以带来更多的就业机会。

作文

The concept of the output gap refers to the difference between the actual output of an economy and its potential output. In simpler terms, it measures how much more or less an economy is producing compared to what it could produce if it were operating at full capacity. Understanding the output gap is crucial for policymakers and economists as it provides insights into the health of the economy and helps guide economic policy decisions. When the output gap is positive, it indicates that the economy is operating above its potential. This scenario often leads to inflationary pressures, as demand outstrips supply. For example, during a booming economy, businesses may struggle to keep up with consumer demand, leading to higher prices. On the other hand, a negative output gap signifies that the economy is underperforming, which can result in unemployment and decreased consumer spending. In this situation, there is excess capacity in the economy, meaning resources are not being utilized efficiently. To illustrate the importance of the output gap, consider the economic recovery following a recession. After a downturn, governments often implement stimulus measures to boost demand and close the output gap. These measures can include increased government spending, tax cuts, or monetary policy adjustments such as lowering interest rates. By stimulating the economy, policymakers aim to move it closer to its potential output, thereby reducing unemployment and fostering economic growth. However, closing the output gap is not always straightforward. If the economy is stimulated too aggressively, it can lead to overheating, where demand exceeds supply significantly, resulting in runaway inflation. Conversely, if stimulus measures are too timid, the economy may remain stagnant, prolonging high unemployment rates and low consumer confidence. Therefore, striking the right balance is essential for effective economic management. Moreover, the output gap can have long-term implications for economic growth. Persistent negative gaps can indicate structural issues within the economy, such as a mismatch between skills and job opportunities or declining industries. Addressing these structural problems may require targeted interventions, such as retraining programs for workers or support for emerging sectors. In conclusion, understanding the output gap is vital for assessing economic performance and guiding policy decisions. It serves as a key indicator of whether an economy is functioning efficiently or facing challenges. Policymakers must carefully monitor the output gap to implement appropriate measures that promote sustainable growth while avoiding the pitfalls of inflation or prolonged stagnation. By doing so, they can help ensure that the economy operates at its full potential, benefiting society as a whole.

“产出缺口”这一概念指的是一个经济体的实际产出与其潜在产出之间的差异。简单来说，它衡量的是经济体相较于其在充分运转时能够产生的产出，实际上生产了多少更多或更少的产品。理解“产出缺口”对政策制定者和经济学家至关重要，因为它提供了经济健康状况的洞察，并帮助指导经济政策决策。当“产出缺口”为正时，表明经济正在超出其潜力运作。这种情况通常会导致通货膨胀压力，因为需求超过了供应。例如，在经济繁荣时期，企业可能难以跟上消费者的需求，从而导致价格上涨。另一方面，负“产出缺口”则表明经济表现不佳，这可能导致失业率上升和消费者支出减少。在这种情况下，经济中存在过剩的产能，意味着资源未被有效利用。为说明“产出缺口”的重要性，可以考虑经济衰退后的经济复苏。在经济下滑后，政府通常会实施刺激措施来推动需求并缩小“产出缺口”。这些措施可以包括增加政府支出、减税或货币政策调整，例如降低利率。通过刺激经济，政策制定者旨在使经济朝向其潜在产出靠拢，从而降低失业率并促进经济增长。然而，缩小“产出缺口”并非总是简单明了。如果经济刺激过于激进，可能导致过热，即需求显著超过供应，造成失控的通货膨胀。相反，如果刺激措施过于谨慎，经济可能会停滞不前，延长高失业率和低消费者信心。因此，找到合适的平衡对于有效的经济管理至关重要。此外，“产出缺口”还可能对经济增长产生长期影响。持续的负缺口可能表明经济内部存在结构性问题，例如技能与工作机会之间的不匹配或衰退行业。解决这些结构性问题可能需要有针对性的干预措施，例如为工人提供再培训项目或支持新兴行业。总之，理解“产出缺口”对评估经济表现和指导政策决策至关重要。它作为一个关键指标，表明经济是否高效运作或面临挑战。政策制定者必须仔细监测“产出缺口”，以实施适当的措施，促进可持续增长，同时避免通货膨胀或长期停滞的陷阱。通过这样做，他们可以确保经济在其全部潜力下运作，从而使整个社会受益。