grain boundary
简明释义
晶粒边界
英英释义
例句
1.The properties of metals can be significantly altered by the presence of a grain boundary 晶界.
金属的性质可以因<grain boundary> 晶界的存在而显著改变。
2.The study of grain boundaries 晶界 is crucial for improving the durability of ceramics.
研究
3.A grain boundary 晶界 can act as a barrier to dislocation movement in crystalline materials.
<grain boundary> 晶界可以作为晶体材料中位错运动的障碍。
4.Researchers are studying how grain boundaries 晶界 affect the strength of steel.
研究人员正在研究
5.In semiconductors, grain boundaries 晶界 can trap charge carriers, affecting their conductivity.
在半导体中，
作文
In the study of materials science, understanding the microstructure of metals and alloys is crucial for predicting their mechanical properties. One of the key features in this microstructure is the grain boundary, which refers to the interfaces between different crystalline grains in a material. These boundaries play a significant role in determining the strength, ductility, and overall performance of the material. When we look at a metal under a microscope, we can see that it is composed of many small crystals, known as grains. Each grain has a unique orientation, and the grain boundary is the region where two grains meet. This area can significantly influence how the material behaves under stress or heat. The presence of grain boundaries can impede the movement of dislocations, which are defects within the crystal structure that allow deformation to occur. When dislocations encounter a grain boundary, they may be blocked, making it harder for the material to deform. This phenomenon is one reason why materials with smaller grains often exhibit higher strength, a principle known as the Hall-Petch relationship. As the grain size decreases, the number of grain boundaries increases, leading to more barriers to dislocation motion.Moreover, grain boundaries can also influence other properties such as electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. For instance, in certain alloys, the grain boundaries can become sites for the segregation of impurities, which can enhance or detract from the material's overall performance. In some cases, engineers intentionally manipulate the size and distribution of grain boundaries through processes like annealing or quenching to achieve desired characteristics in the final product. Additionally, the behavior of grain boundaries at high temperatures can lead to phenomena such as grain growth, where the grains increase in size over time. This can be detrimental in applications where fine microstructures are required for strength and toughness. Understanding the dynamics of grain boundaries under various conditions is essential for the development of advanced materials used in industries ranging from aerospace to electronics.In conclusion, the concept of grain boundaries is fundamental in materials science. It not only helps us understand the physical properties of metals and alloys but also guides the engineering of materials for specific applications. By studying and manipulating grain boundaries, scientists and engineers can develop stronger, more durable materials that meet the demands of modern technology. The insights gained from examining grain boundaries continue to shape innovations in material design, ultimately enhancing the performance and longevity of products across various fields.
在材料科学的研究中，理解金属和合金的微观结构对于预测其机械性能至关重要。这个微观结构中的一个关键特征是晶界，它指的是材料中不同晶粒之间的界面。这些边界在决定材料的强度、延展性和整体性能方面发挥着重要作用。当我们在显微镜下观察金属时，可以看到它由许多小晶体组成，称为晶粒。每个晶粒都有独特的取向，而晶界则是两个晶粒相遇的区域。这一地区可以显著影响材料在应力或热量下的行为。晶界的存在可以阻碍位错的运动，位错是晶体结构中的缺陷，使变形得以发生。当位错遇到晶界时，它们可能会被阻挡，从而使材料变形变得更加困难。这种现象是为什么具有较小晶粒的材料通常表现出更高强度的原因之一，这一原理被称为霍尔-佩奇关系。随着晶粒尺寸的减小，晶界的数量增加，导致更多的位错运动障碍。此外，晶界还可以影响电导率和耐腐蚀性等其他性质。例如，在某些合金中，晶界可能成为杂质偏析的部位，这可能增强或削弱材料的整体性能。在某些情况下，工程师通过退火或淬火等工艺故意操控晶界的大小和分布，以实现最终产品所需的特性。此外，晶界在高温下的行为可能导致诸如晶粒长大等现象，即晶粒随时间增大。在需要细微微观结构以确保强度和韧性的应用中，这可能是有害的。理解晶界在各种条件下的动态行为对于开发用于航空航天到电子等行业的先进材料至关重要。总之，晶界的概念在材料科学中是基础性的。它不仅帮助我们理解金属和合金的物理性质，还指导材料针对特定应用的工程设计。通过研究和操控晶界，科学家和工程师可以开发出更强、更耐用的材料，以满足现代技术的需求。从检查晶界获得的见解继续塑造材料设计的创新，最终提升各个领域产品的性能和耐久性。
