colligative

简明释义

英[kəˈlɪɡətɪv]美[ˈkɑːlɪˌɡeɪtɪv]

adj. 取决于分子的；依数的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.So we're going to start colligative properties.

现在我们开始来学依数性。

2.And today I want to start by going through the fourth colligative property that's commonly seen, what called osmotic pressure.

这一节课我会讲到，第四个常见的依数现象，即渗透压。

3.OK what are the four colligative properties?

那四种依数性到底是什么？

4.Colligative properties are the properties like the vapor pressure, lowering when you have a mixture in a liquid, instead of having a pure substance you have amixture of substances here.

依数现象是这样一种现象,当你把物质混合在一起的时候,你不会得到纯物质,而是得到混合物质。

5.This is a colligative property.

这是依数性。

6.And these colligative properties are properties that you use all the time in your day to day life.

你们都在用这些依数性，每天日常生活。

7.Expounds the mechanism of freezing point depression from the viewpoint of free energy and colligative properties.

从自由能和依数特性的原理出发阐明了结冰相变点下降的机理。

8.There are four colligative properties, and you already know what they are.

一共有4种依数性，你们已经知道它们是什么。

9.When we get to the colligative properties, we'll attack it from the point of chemical potentials.

当我们考虑依数效应时，我们从化学势的角度出发。

10.The elevation of boiling point is another colligative 依赖于物质数量的 effect observed in solutions.

沸点升高是溶液中观察到的另一个colligative 依赖于物质数量的 效应。

11.The freezing point depression is a classic example of a colligative 依赖于物质数量的 property.

冰点降低是一个经典的colligative 依赖于物质数量的 性质的例子。

12.In chemistry, we often study colligative 依赖于物质数量的 properties to predict how solutions behave.

在化学中，我们经常研究colligative 依赖于物质数量的 性质以预测溶液的行为。

13.The calculation of osmotic pressure involves understanding colligative 依赖于物质数量的 properties.

渗透压的计算涉及理解colligative 依赖于物质数量的 性质。

14.When salt is added to water, it affects the boiling point due to its colligative 依赖于物质数量的 properties.

当盐加入水中时，由于其colligative 依赖于物质数量的 性质，它会影响沸点。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, understanding various properties of solutions is crucial for both theoretical and practical applications. One such concept that plays a significant role in determining the behavior of solutions is colligative properties. These properties are unique because they depend on the number of solute particles in a solution rather than the type of particles. This characteristic makes them particularly interesting and useful in various scientific fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science.To elaborate, colligative properties include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure. Each of these properties can be observed when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent. For instance, when salt is dissolved in water, the boiling point of the solution increases, which is a classic example of boiling point elevation. This phenomenon is not just an academic curiosity; it has real-world applications. For example, adding salt to icy roads during winter helps lower the freezing point of water, preventing ice from forming and making roads safer for travel.Another important colligative property is freezing point depression. This occurs when a solute is added to a solvent, causing the freezing point of the solution to be lower than that of the pure solvent. This principle is exploited in various ways, such as in the production of antifreeze for vehicles and even in the preparation of ice cream, where salt is used to lower the temperature of the ice surrounding the mixture, allowing it to freeze more effectively.Vapor pressure lowering is another fascinating aspect of colligative properties. When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure of the solvent decreases. This is due to the fact that the solute particles occupy space at the surface of the liquid, reducing the number of solvent molecules that can escape into the vapor phase. This principle is vital in understanding phenomena such as how saltwater has a lower vapor pressure than freshwater, which affects weather patterns and climate.Osmotic pressure, the final colligative property we will discuss, is particularly significant in biological systems. It refers to the pressure required to stop the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. This property is essential for maintaining cell integrity and function, as it regulates the movement of water in and out of cells. Understanding osmotic pressure is crucial in medical fields, particularly in treatments involving intravenous fluids, where the correct concentration of solutes must be maintained to ensure patient safety.In conclusion, colligative properties are fundamental concepts in chemistry that highlight the importance of solute concentration in determining the physical properties of solutions. Their applications extend beyond the laboratory into everyday life, influencing everything from road safety in winter to the functioning of biological systems. By studying and understanding these properties, we gain valuable insights into the behavior of solutions and their impact on various scientific and practical fields. As we continue to explore the complexities of chemistry, the significance of colligative properties will undoubtedly remain a topic of interest and importance.

在化学领域，理解溶液的各种性质对理论和实践应用至关重要。一个在确定溶液行为中起重要作用的概念是共性性质。这些性质的独特之处在于它们依赖于溶液中溶质粒子的数量，而不是粒子的类型。这一特性使它们在化学、生物学和环境科学等多个科学领域中显得特别有趣和有用。详细来说，共性性质包括沸点升高、冰点降低、蒸气压降低和渗透压。每一种性质都可以在向溶剂中添加非挥发性溶质时观察到。例如，当盐溶解在水中时，溶液的沸点会升高，这是沸点升高的经典例子。这一现象不仅是学术上的好奇，它在现实世界中也有实际应用。例如，在冬季向结冰的道路上添加盐可以降低水的冰点，防止冰的形成，从而使道路更加安全。另一个重要的共性性质是冰点降低。当向溶剂中添加溶质时，溶液的冰点会低于纯溶剂的冰点。这一原理在多种方式中被利用，例如在汽车防冻液的生产中，甚至在冰淇淋的制作中，盐被用来降低包围混合物的冰的温度，从而使其更有效地冻结。蒸气压降低是共性性质的另一个迷人方面。当非挥发性溶质添加到溶剂中时，溶剂的蒸气压会降低。这是因为溶质粒子在液体表面占据空间，减少了能够逃逸到蒸气相中的溶剂分子的数量。这一原理在理解现象方面至关重要，例如盐水的蒸气压低于淡水，这影响着天气模式和气候。渗透压是我们将要讨论的最后一种共性性质，它在生物系统中尤为重要。它指的是通过半透膜阻止溶剂流入溶液所需的压力。这一性质对于维持细胞的完整性和功能至关重要，因为它调节水分在细胞内外的运动。理解渗透压在医学领域尤其重要，特别是在涉及静脉输液的治疗中，必须保持正确的溶质浓度以确保患者安全。总之，共性性质是化学中的基本概念，突显了溶质浓度在决定溶液物理性质中的重要性。它们的应用超越了实验室，深入到日常生活中，影响着从冬季道路安全到生物系统功能的一切。通过研究和理解这些性质，我们获得了关于溶液行为及其对各种科学和实践领域影响的宝贵见解。随着我们继续探索化学的复杂性，共性性质的重要性无疑将继续成为一个值得关注和重视的话题。