energy barrier

简明释义

能量垒

英英释义

例句

1.The energy barrier 能量障碍 for a reaction can be reduced by increasing the temperature.

通过提高温度，可以降低反应的能量障碍 能量障碍。

2.When electrons move through a semiconductor, they must overcome an energy barrier 能量障碍 to conduct electricity.

当电子通过半导体时，它们必须克服一个能量障碍 能量障碍才能导电。

3.In chemical reactions, the rate at which reactants convert to products is often limited by the energy barrier 能量障碍 that must be overcome.

在化学反应中，反应物转化为产品的速率通常受到必须克服的能量障碍 能量障碍的限制。

4.In physics, the concept of an energy barrier 能量障碍 is crucial for understanding phase transitions.

在物理学中，能量障碍 能量障碍的概念对理解相变至关重要。

5.Catalysts work by lowering the energy barrier 能量障碍, allowing reactions to proceed more quickly.

催化剂通过降低能量障碍 能量障碍来加速反应的进行。

作文

In the realm of chemistry and physics, the concept of an energy barrier plays a crucial role in understanding how reactions occur and why certain processes take place at specific rates. An energy barrier can be defined as the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed. This concept is particularly significant in the study of chemical kinetics, where it helps explain the speed of reactions and the conditions under which they occur.To illustrate this concept, let's consider a simple reaction between two molecules. When these molecules come together, they must overcome a certain energy barrier before they can react and form new products. This energy barrier represents the energy needed to break the existing bonds in the reactants and rearrange them into the products. If the energy provided to the system is less than the energy barrier, the reaction will not occur. Conversely, if the energy exceeds this threshold, the reaction can proceed, and new bonds will form.One of the key factors that influence the height of the energy barrier is the nature of the reactants involved. For example, reactions involving strong covalent bonds typically have higher energy barriers compared to those involving weaker interactions. Additionally, temperature plays a significant role in determining whether the available energy is sufficient to overcome the energy barrier. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases, making it more likely that they will collide with enough energy to surpass the energy barrier.Catalysts are another important aspect to consider when discussing energy barriers. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with a lower energy barrier. By lowering the energy barrier, catalysts enable reactions to occur more quickly and at lower temperatures than would otherwise be possible. This principle is widely used in industrial processes, where catalysts are employed to enhance the efficiency of chemical reactions.The concept of energy barriers is not limited to chemistry; it is also applicable in various fields such as biology and materials science. For instance, in biological systems, enzymes act as catalysts that help lower the energy barriers for biochemical reactions, thus facilitating essential life processes. In materials science, understanding energy barriers is critical for developing new materials with desired properties, as it influences how materials respond to external stimuli such as heat or pressure.In summary, the energy barrier is a fundamental concept that helps explain the dynamics of chemical reactions and other processes across different scientific disciplines. By understanding how energy barriers function, scientists can manipulate conditions to optimize reactions, design effective catalysts, and advance technology in various fields. The study of energy barriers not only enhances our knowledge of fundamental science but also has practical implications that impact our daily lives and the development of new technologies.

在化学和物理学领域，能量屏障的概念在理解反应如何发生以及某些过程为何以特定速率进行方面发挥着至关重要的作用。能量屏障可以定义为反应进行所需的最低能量。这一概念在化学动力学的研究中尤为重要，因为它有助于解释反应的速度以及它们发生的条件。为了说明这一概念，让我们考虑两种分子之间的简单反应。当这些分子结合在一起时，它们必须克服一定的能量屏障，才能反应并形成新产物。这个能量屏障代表了打破反应物中现有键并将其重新排列为产物所需的能量。如果提供给系统的能量低于能量屏障，反应将不会发生。相反，如果能量超过这个阈值，反应就可以进行，新键就会形成。影响能量屏障高度的关键因素之一是所涉及反应物的性质。例如，涉及强共价键的反应通常具有比涉及较弱相互作用的反应更高的能量屏障。此外，温度在决定可用能量是否足以克服能量屏障方面也发挥着重要作用。随着温度的升高，分子的动能也增加，使它们更有可能以足够的能量碰撞以超越能量屏障。催化剂是讨论能量屏障时需要考虑的另一个重要方面。催化剂是一种通过提供具有较低能量屏障的替代途径来加速反应的物质。通过降低能量屏障，催化剂使反应能够比在没有催化剂的情况下更快地发生，并且在较低的温度下进行。这一原理在工业过程中被广泛应用，其中催化剂被用来提高化学反应的效率。能量屏障的概念不仅限于化学；它在生物学和材料科学等多个领域也适用。例如，在生物系统中，酶作为催化剂，帮助降低生化反应的能量屏障，从而促进基本生命过程。在材料科学中，理解能量屏障对开发具有所需特性的材料至关重要，因为它影响材料如何响应热或压力等外部刺激。总之，能量屏障是一个基本概念，有助于解释各个科学学科中化学反应和其他过程的动态。通过理解能量屏障的功能，科学家可以操纵条件以优化反应，设计有效的催化剂，并推动各个领域的技术进步。对能量屏障的研究不仅增强了我们对基础科学的知识，而且对影响我们日常生活和新技术发展的实际应用具有重要意义。