energy band

简明释义

能带

英英释义

例句

1.Different materials have unique energy bands 能带 that determine their conductivity.

不同材料具有独特的能带，决定了它们的导电性。

2.Understanding the energy band 能带 theory helps engineers design better photovoltaic cells.

理解能带理论帮助工程师设计更好的光伏电池。

3.In metals, the energy band 能带 structure allows for free movement of electrons.

在金属中，能带结构允许电子自由移动。

4.The gap between the conduction band and the valence band is known as the energy band 能带 gap.

导带和价带之间的间隙被称为能带间隙。

5.The concept of the energy band 能带 is crucial in understanding the electronic properties of semiconductors.

能带的概念对于理解半导体的电子特性至关重要。

作文

In the field of solid-state physics, the concept of energy band (能带) plays a crucial role in understanding the electronic properties of materials. An energy band (能带) refers to a range of energy levels that electrons can occupy in a solid. These energy levels are not discrete, as in isolated atoms, but rather form continuous bands due to the interactions between a large number of atoms in a solid. This phenomenon is fundamental in distinguishing between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.To elaborate further, when we look at a metal, we find that its energy band (能带) structure allows for a significant number of electrons to be present in the conduction band, which is the higher energy band where electrons can move freely. This is why metals are good conductors of electricity; the electrons can easily flow under the influence of an electric field. In contrast, insulators have a large energy gap between their valence band (the lower energy band filled with electrons) and the conduction band. This gap prevents electrons from gaining enough energy to jump into the conduction band, thus inhibiting electrical conductivity.Semiconductors, on the other hand, have an energy band (能带) structure that is intermediate between conductors and insulators. They possess a small energy gap, which means that at room temperature or with the addition of impurities (a process known as doping), some electrons can gain enough energy to transition from the valence band to the conduction band. This property is what makes semiconductors exceptionally useful in electronic devices such as transistors and diodes.The concept of energy band (能带) is also essential in explaining phenomena like photoconductivity and the photovoltaic effect. In photoconductivity, when a material absorbs light, photons can provide enough energy to excite electrons from the valence band into the conduction band, thereby increasing its electrical conductivity. Similarly, in solar cells, the photovoltaic effect relies on the ability of certain materials to absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pairs, which can then be separated to produce electric current. Understanding energy bands (能带) is not only important for theoretical physics but also has practical implications in technology. The design and optimization of electronic components depend heavily on the manipulation of these bands. Engineers and scientists work tirelessly to create materials with desired energy band (能带) structures that enhance performance and efficiency in devices ranging from smartphones to solar panels.In conclusion, the concept of energy band (能带) is foundational in the study of solid-state physics and plays a vital role in determining the electrical and optical properties of materials. By understanding how electrons behave within these bands, we can better develop new technologies that harness their unique characteristics. As research continues to evolve, the exploration of energy bands (能带) will undoubtedly lead to innovative solutions and advancements in various fields of science and engineering.

在固态物理学领域，能带的概念在理解材料的电子特性方面起着至关重要的作用。能带指的是固体中电子可以占据的一系列能量水平。这些能量水平并不是离散的，像孤立的原子那样，而是由于固体中大量原子之间的相互作用而形成的连续带。这一现象在区分导体、半导体和绝缘体方面是基础性的。进一步阐述，当我们观察金属时，我们发现其能带结构允许大量电子存在于导带中，即较高能量带，电子可以自由移动。这就是为什么金属是良好的电导体；在电场的影响下，电子可以轻松流动。相比之下，绝缘体的价带（填满电子的低能量带）和导带之间有一个大的能量间隙。这个间隙阻止电子获得足够的能量跳入导带，从而抑制电导率。另一方面，半导体的能带结构介于导体和绝缘体之间。它们具有小的能量间隙，这意味着在室温下或通过添加杂质（称为掺杂过程），一些电子可以获得足够的能量从价带跃迁到导带。这一特性使得半导体在电子设备如晶体管和二极管中极为有用。能带的概念在解释光导电性和光伏效应等现象中也至关重要。在光导电性中，当材料吸收光时，光子可以提供足够的能量将电子从价带激发到导带，从而增加其电导率。同样，在太阳能电池中，光伏效应依赖于某些材料吸收阳光并生成电子-空穴对，然后将其分离以产生电流。理解能带不仅对理论物理学重要，而且对技术具有实际意义。电子组件的设计和优化在很大程度上依赖于这些带的操控。工程师和科学家们不断努力创造具有所需能带结构的材料，以提高各种设备的性能和效率，从智能手机到太阳能电池板。总之，能带的概念是固态物理学研究中的基础，对于确定材料的电气和光学特性起着至关重要的作用。通过理解电子在这些带中的行为，我们可以更好地开发新技术，利用它们独特的特性。随着研究的不断发展，能带的探索无疑会导致科学和工程各个领域的创新解决方案和进步。