thermal noise

简明释义

热噪声

英英释义

例句

1.The thermal noise 热噪声 generated by resistors can be calculated using Johnson-Nyquist noise formula.

电阻产生的热噪声热噪声可以通过约翰逊-奈奎斯特噪声公式计算。

2.In radio communications, thermal noise 热噪声 can affect signal clarity.

在无线电通信中，热噪声热噪声会影响信号的清晰度。

3.The thermal noise 热噪声 in electronic circuits can limit the performance of sensitive measurements.

电子电路中的热噪声热噪声会限制敏感测量的性能。

4.Scientists often need to account for thermal noise 热噪声 when designing low-noise amplifiers.

科学家在设计低噪声放大器时，通常需要考虑热噪声热噪声。

5.Engineers use specialized techniques to minimize thermal noise 热噪声 in their designs.

工程师使用专门的技术来最小化他们设计中的热噪声热噪声。

作文

In the world of electronics and communication, understanding the concept of thermal noise is crucial for designing efficient systems. Thermal noise, also known as Johnson-Nyquist noise, is a type of electronic noise generated by the random motion of charge carriers (usually electrons) inside a conductor when it is at a temperature above absolute zero. This phenomenon occurs because the thermal energy causes these charge carriers to move unpredictably, leading to fluctuations in voltage and current. As a result, thermal noise is present in all electronic devices, from simple circuits to complex communication systems.One of the most important aspects of thermal noise is its dependence on temperature. The higher the temperature of a conductor, the greater the random motion of the charge carriers, which increases the level of thermal noise. This relationship can be expressed mathematically through the formula: Vn = √(4kTB/R), where Vn is the noise voltage, k is Boltzmann's constant, T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin, and R is the resistance of the conductor. This equation illustrates that as temperature (T) rises, the thermal noise increases proportionally.In practical applications, engineers must consider thermal noise when designing amplifiers, receivers, and other electronic components. For instance, in radio communications, thermal noise can limit the sensitivity of receivers, making it difficult to detect weak signals. To mitigate the effects of thermal noise, designers often employ various techniques such as cooling the components to lower temperatures, using low-noise amplifiers, or optimizing circuit designs to minimize resistance.Moreover, thermal noise plays a significant role in the field of information theory. It sets a fundamental limit on the maximum capacity of communication channels. According to Shannon's theorem, the capacity of a communication channel is affected by the signal-to-noise ratio, which includes thermal noise as one of the primary contributors. This means that understanding and managing thermal noise is essential for maximizing data transmission rates and ensuring reliable communication.In conclusion, thermal noise is an inherent characteristic of electronic systems that cannot be eliminated but can be managed. Its impact ranges from affecting the performance of simple circuits to influencing the design of advanced communication systems. As technology continues to evolve, the significance of understanding thermal noise will only grow, emphasizing the need for engineers and scientists to develop innovative solutions to work around this fundamental challenge. By mastering the concept of thermal noise, we can enhance the efficiency and reliability of electronic devices, paving the way for advancements in technology and communication.

在电子和通信的世界中，理解热噪声的概念对于设计高效的系统至关重要。热噪声，也称为约翰逊-奈奎斯特噪声，是一种由导体内带电粒子（通常是电子）在绝对零度以上的温度下随机运动所产生的电子噪声。这种现象发生的原因是热能使这些带电粒子不规则地移动，从而导致电压和电流的波动。因此，热噪声存在于所有电子设备中，从简单电路到复杂通信系统。热噪声最重要的一个方面是它对温度的依赖性。导体的温度越高，带电粒子的随机运动就越剧烈，从而增加了热噪声的水平。这种关系可以通过公式表达：Vn = √(4kTB/R)，其中Vn是噪声电压，k是玻尔兹曼常数，T是开尔文温度，R是导体的电阻。这个方程说明了随着温度（T）的升高，热噪声成比例增加。在实际应用中，工程师在设计放大器、接收器和其他电子元件时必须考虑热噪声。例如，在无线通信中，热噪声可能限制接收器的灵敏度，使得难以检测弱信号。为了减轻热噪声的影响，设计者通常采用各种技术，例如降低组件温度、使用低噪声放大器或优化电路设计以最小化电阻。此外，热噪声在信息理论领域也起着重要作用。它对通信信道的最大容量设定了基本限制。根据香农定理，通信信道的容量受信噪比的影响，其中热噪声是主要贡献者之一。这意味着理解和管理热噪声对最大化数据传输速率和确保可靠通信至关重要。总之，热噪声是电子系统固有的特征，无法消除但可以管理。它的影响从影响简单电路的性能到影响先进通信系统的设计。随着技术的不断发展，理解热噪声的重要性将只会增加，这强调了工程师和科学家需要开发创新解决方案来应对这一基本挑战。通过掌握热噪声的概念，我们可以提高电子设备的效率和可靠性，为技术和通信的进步铺平道路。