quantum mechanical tunneling

简明释义

量子力学隧道效应

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of quantum mechanical tunneling is crucial for understanding nuclear fusion in stars.

量子力学隧穿的概念对于理解恒星中的核聚变至关重要。

2.In a scanning tunneling microscope, quantum mechanical tunneling allows scientists to visualize surfaces at the atomic level.

在扫描隧道显微镜中，量子力学隧穿使科学家能够以原子级别可视化表面。

3.Researchers are exploring how quantum mechanical tunneling can be utilized in quantum computing.

研究人员正在探索如何利用量子力学隧穿在量子计算中。

4.In quantum physics, quantum mechanical tunneling refers to the phenomenon where particles pass through potential barriers that they classically shouldn't be able to cross.

在量子物理中，量子力学隧穿是指粒子穿过它们在经典物理中不应能够跨越的势垒的现象。

5.The phenomenon of quantum mechanical tunneling explains why certain chemical reactions can occur at lower energy levels than expected.

量子力学隧穿现象解释了为什么某些化学反应可以在低于预期的能量水平下发生。

作文

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and light on very small scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. One of the most fascinating phenomena in quantum mechanics is known as quantum mechanical tunneling (量子隧穿). This phenomenon occurs when a particle has a probability of passing through a potential barrier, even if it does not have enough energy to overcome that barrier according to classical physics. To understand quantum mechanical tunneling, we must first explore the principles of quantum mechanics that govern the behavior of particles.In classical physics, if an object does not have enough energy to climb over a hill, it simply cannot reach the other side. However, in the quantum world, particles are described by wave functions that represent probabilities rather than definite positions or energies. These wave functions can extend beyond barriers, allowing particles to 'tunnel' through them. This is where quantum mechanical tunneling becomes significant, as it challenges our classical intuitions about how particles behave.One of the key implications of quantum mechanical tunneling is its role in nuclear fusion. In stars, hydrogen nuclei need to overcome their electrostatic repulsion to fuse into helium. Classically, this would require temperatures and pressures far greater than those found in most stars. However, due to quantum mechanical tunneling, there is a non-zero probability that these nuclei can tunnel through the barrier created by their mutual repulsion, allowing fusion to occur at lower energies than classical physics would predict. This process is essential for the energy production in stars, including our sun.Another example of quantum mechanical tunneling can be found in the field of electronics, particularly in devices like tunnel diodes and flash memory. In these devices, electrons can tunnel through potential barriers, enabling faster switching times and more efficient data storage. The understanding of quantum mechanical tunneling has led to significant advancements in technology, illustrating its practical applications beyond theoretical physics.Furthermore, quantum mechanical tunneling is not limited to particle physics; it also plays a crucial role in chemical reactions. Many reactions involve transition states that require overcoming energy barriers. Quantum tunneling allows particles to bypass these barriers, leading to reaction rates that would otherwise be impossible under classical theories. This phenomenon is particularly important in enzymatic reactions, where enzymes facilitate tunneling to speed up biochemical processes.In conclusion, quantum mechanical tunneling (量子隧穿) is a remarkable and counterintuitive aspect of quantum mechanics that has profound implications across various fields of science and technology. From the fusion processes powering stars to the functioning of modern electronic devices and the intricacies of chemical reactions, quantum mechanical tunneling illustrates the strange yet fascinating nature of the quantum world. As we continue to explore and understand these principles, we unlock new possibilities that can lead to innovations and deeper insights into the universe around us.

量子力学是物理学的一个分支，研究物质和光在非常小的尺度上（如原子和亚原子粒子）的行为。在量子力学中，最迷人的现象之一被称为量子隧穿（quantum mechanical tunneling）。这种现象发生在粒子有可能穿过一个势垒，即使它根据经典物理学没有足够的能量克服那个势垒。要理解量子隧穿，我们必须首先探讨支配粒子行为的量子力学原理。在经典物理学中，如果一个物体没有足够的能量爬过一座山，它就根本无法到达另一边。然而，在量子世界中，粒子由波函数描述，这些波函数代表概率而不是确定的位置或能量。这些波函数可以扩展到障碍之外，使粒子能够“隧穿”过去。这就是量子隧穿变得重要的地方，因为它挑战了我们关于粒子行为的经典直觉。量子隧穿的一个关键含义是它在核聚变中的作用。在恒星中，氢核需要克服其静电排斥才能融合成氦。根据经典理论，这需要远高于大多数恒星的温度和压力。然而，由于量子隧穿，这些核穿越它们相互排斥所形成的势垒的概率是非零的，从而允许在比经典物理学预测的更低能量下进行聚变。这个过程对恒星的能量产生至关重要，包括我们的太阳。量子隧穿的另一个例子可以在电子学领域找到，特别是在隧道二极管和闪存等设备中。在这些设备中，电子可以穿越势垒，实现在更快的开关时间和更高效的数据存储。对量子隧穿的理解导致了技术上的重大进步，说明了它在理论物理学之外的实际应用。此外，量子隧穿不仅限于粒子物理学；它在化学反应中也发挥着至关重要的作用。许多反应涉及需要克服能量障碍的过渡态。量子隧穿使粒子能够绕过这些障碍，从而导致在经典理论下不可能的反应速率。这种现象在酶促反应中特别重要，酶通过促进隧穿来加速生化过程。总之，量子隧穿（quantum mechanical tunneling）是量子力学中一个显著且反直觉的方面，对科学和技术的各个领域都有深远的影响。从为恒星提供能量的聚变过程到现代电子设备的功能，以及化学反应的复杂性，量子隧穿展示了量子世界奇特而迷人的本质。随着我们继续探索和理解这些原理，我们解锁了新的可能性，能够引领创新和对我们周围宇宙的更深入的洞察。