exciton

简明释义

英[ˈeksɪtɒn]美[ˈeksaɪˌtɑːn]

n. [物][电子] 激子；激发性电子

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.A numerical model for investigating the localization of surface exciton polaritons in the presence of random roughness and spatial dispersion was established.

在存在着随机粗糙和空间色散时，利用了一个数字模型研究表面激子极化激元的定域化。

2.The interaction between the energized electron and the hole it leaves behind is called an exciton, and the difference in energy levels between the hole and the electron is known as the bandgap.

这种获得能量的电子和他留在原来能级上对应的位置的空穴的相互作用叫做一个激子激发过程，而这两个不同能级之间的部分被称作带隙。

3.In this paper, we introduced the dressed exciton model of the semiconductor micro cavity device.

本文建立了半导体微腔的缀饰激子模型。

4.The efficient energy transfer due to exciton trapping on the narrow band gap sites was observed.

还观察到极为有效的分子内能量转移。

5.Theoretical results show that the exciton-phonon coupling reduces both the exciton binding energies and the Stark shifts by screening the Coulomb interaction.

研究结果表明，激子-纵光学声子相互作用通过屏蔽的库仑势减少了激子结合能及其相应的斯塔克能移。

6.In the copolymers of fluorene and DBT, the efficient energy transfer due to exciton trapping on narrow band-gap DBT sites has been observed.

在芴与dbt的共聚物中，观察到了由于激子在低带隙单体DBT位置的捕获而产生的有效的能量转移。

7.The exciton absorption resonaces (HH and LH) and step accumu-tive density Of state have been observed.

观察到轻、重空穴对应的激子吸收峰（LH和HH）及台阶状态密度。

8.When light interacts with a material, it can create an exciton 激子 that transports energy without moving charge.

当光与材料相互作用时，它可以产生一个exciton 激子，在不移动电荷的情况下传输能量。

9.In a semiconductor, an exciton 激子 can form when an electron is excited from the valence band to the conduction band.

在半导体中，当一个电子从价带激发到导带时，可以形成一个exciton 激子。

10.The study of excitons 激子 is crucial for developing efficient photovoltaic materials.

研究excitons 激子对开发高效光伏材料至关重要。

11.An exciton 激子 can be thought of as a bound state of an electron and a hole.

一个exciton 激子可以被认为是电子和空穴的束缚态。

12.Researchers are investigating how excitons 激子 behave in two-dimensional materials like graphene.

研究人员正在调查excitons 激子在石墨烯等二维材料中的行为。

作文

An exciton is a fascinating concept in the field of condensed matter physics and materials science. It represents a bound state of an electron and an electron hole, which are created when a photon is absorbed by a semiconductor or an insulator. The formation of an exciton is crucial for understanding various optical properties of materials, especially in semiconductors, where the behavior of charge carriers plays a significant role in their functionality. When light interacts with a material, it can excite electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, creating a free electron and leaving behind a positively charged hole. These two entities can then bind together to form an exciton, which behaves as a quasi-particle. The study of excitons is essential for the development of various technologies, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers. In solar cells, for instance, the efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity largely depends on how well excitons can be generated and separated into free charge carriers. If excitons can be efficiently dissociated into electrons and holes, the overall performance of the solar cell improves significantly. This principle is why researchers are continually seeking new materials that can enhance exciton dynamics. Moreover, excitons have unique properties that make them different from free electrons and holes. For example, they have a finite lifetime, which means they can only exist for a limited period before recombining back into the ground state. This recombination process releases energy, typically in the form of light, which is the fundamental principle behind the operation of LEDs. Understanding the lifecycle of an exciton helps scientists design better materials for optoelectronic applications. In recent years, the exploration of two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, has opened up new avenues for exciton research. These materials exhibit strong excitonic effects due to their reduced dimensionality and enhanced electron-electron interactions. The ability to manipulate excitons in these materials could lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing and information processing. For instance, excitons could potentially be used as carriers of information in excitonic devices, providing a new paradigm for data transmission and storage. In conclusion, the concept of an exciton (激子) is not just a theoretical construct; it has practical implications that affect various technological advancements. As research continues to uncover the mysteries of excitons, we may see innovations that could revolutionize how we use electronic and optoelectronic devices. The ongoing exploration of excitons in new materials promises to enhance our understanding of fundamental physics while paving the way for future applications that could benefit society as a whole.