transition state

简明释义

过渡状态

英英释义

例句

1.In chemical reactions, the transition state 过渡态 is a high-energy configuration that occurs during the conversion of reactants to products.

在化学反应中，transition state 过渡态 是在反应物转化为产物过程中出现的高能量构型。

2.Using computational models, researchers can simulate the transition state 过渡态 to predict reaction rates.

通过计算模型，研究人员可以模拟transition state 过渡态 来预测反应速率。

3.In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the enzyme stabilizes the transition state 过渡态, lowering the activation energy needed.

在酶催化反应中，酶稳定transition state 过渡态，降低所需的活化能。

4.The study of the transition state 过渡态 can help chemists understand the reaction mechanism more clearly.

对transition state 过渡态 的研究可以帮助化学家更清楚地理解反应机制。

5.The energy barrier associated with the transition state 过渡态 determines the speed of the reaction.

与transition state 过渡态 相关的能量障碍决定了反应的速度。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, the concept of a transition state is fundamental to understanding how reactions occur. A transition state refers to a specific configuration of atoms at the peak of the energy barrier during a chemical reaction. It is an unstable arrangement that exists momentarily as reactants are transformed into products. The study of transition states helps chemists to comprehend the energy changes and molecular rearrangements that take place during reactions. To elaborate further, when a chemical reaction occurs, the reactant molecules must overcome an energy barrier to form the products. This energy barrier is known as the activation energy. The transition state represents the highest point on the energy profile of the reaction, where the old bonds are breaking, and new bonds are forming. At this point, the arrangement of atoms is neither that of the reactants nor the products, making it a crucial moment in the reaction pathway.Understanding the transition state is vital for several reasons. Firstly, it allows chemists to predict the rates of reactions. By analyzing the energy associated with the transition state, scientists can determine how quickly a reaction will proceed. Reactions with lower activation energies have more favorable transition states and thus tend to occur faster than those with higher activation energies.Secondly, the concept of the transition state is essential in the design of catalysts. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy. This means that the transition state is altered, allowing the reaction to proceed more efficiently. Understanding how to manipulate the transition state can lead to the development of more effective catalysts, which have significant implications in industrial chemistry and environmental science.Moreover, the transition state theory also plays a critical role in biochemical reactions. Enzymes, which are biological catalysts, function by stabilizing the transition state of the substrate they act upon. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes accelerate metabolic processes that are essential for life. The specificity of enzymes for their substrates is often attributed to the precise interactions that stabilize the transition state, illustrating the importance of this concept in biological systems.In summary, the transition state is a pivotal concept in the field of chemistry that provides insight into the mechanisms of chemical reactions. It serves as the bridge between reactants and products, marking the moment of maximum energy and instability. By studying transition states, chemists can gain valuable knowledge about reaction kinetics, catalyst design, and enzymatic activity. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the transition state not only enhances our grasp of chemical processes but also fosters advancements in various scientific fields, including medicine, materials science, and environmental sustainability.

在化学领域，过渡态的概念对于理解反应的发生至关重要。过渡态指的是在化学反应中，原子在能量障碍的峰值时的特定构型。这是一种不稳定的排列，瞬间存在于反应物转变为产物的过程中。对过渡态的研究帮助化学家理解反应过程中能量变化和分子重排的过程。进一步阐述，当发生化学反应时，反应物分子必须克服一个能量障碍才能形成产物。这个能量障碍被称为活化能。过渡态代表了反应能量图谱上的最高点，此时旧的键正在断裂，而新的键正在形成。在这一点上，原子的排列既不是反应物的也不是产物的，因此在反应路径中这是一个关键时刻。理解过渡态至关重要，原因有几个。首先，它使化学家能够预测反应速率。通过分析与过渡态相关的能量，科学家可以确定反应将以多快的速度进行。活化能较低的反应具有更有利的过渡态，因此往往比活化能较高的反应进行得更快。其次，过渡态的概念在催化剂的设计中至关重要。催化剂是指在反应中加速反应速率而不被消耗的物质。它们通过提供一种替代的、具有较低活化能的反应途径来发挥作用。这意味着过渡态被改变，从而使反应更有效。理解如何操控过渡态可以导致更有效的催化剂的发展，这在工业化学和环境科学中具有重要意义。此外，过渡态理论在生化反应中也发挥着关键作用。酶是生物催化剂，通过稳定其作用的底物的过渡态来发挥作用。通过降低活化能，酶加速了生命所必需的代谢过程。酶对其底物的特异性通常归因于稳定过渡态的精确相互作用，说明了这一概念在生物系统中的重要性。总之，过渡态是化学领域的一个关键概念，为化学反应机制提供了深刻的见解。它作为反应物和产物之间的桥梁，标志着最大能量和不稳定性的时刻。通过研究过渡态，化学家可以获得关于反应动力学、催化剂设计和酶促活动的宝贵知识。最终，对过渡态的深入理解不仅增强了我们对化学过程的把握，还促进了医学、材料科学和环境可持续性等多个科学领域的进步。