nonequilibrium state

简明释义

非平衡态

英英释义

例句

1.When the temperature suddenly drops, the system may enter a nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态 affecting the physical properties of materials.

当温度突然下降时，系统可能进入一个非平衡状态 nonequilibrium state，影响材料的物理特性。

2.The nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态 of the ecosystem can lead to unpredictable changes in species populations.

生态系统的非平衡状态 nonequilibrium state可能导致物种数量的不可预测变化。

3.The nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态 of a star can lead to its eventual collapse or explosion.

恒星的非平衡状态 nonequilibrium state可能导致其最终崩溃或爆炸。

4.In a chemical reaction, the system may be in a nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态 where reactants are being converted to products at different rates.

在化学反应中，系统可能处于一个非平衡状态 nonequilibrium state，其中反应物以不同的速率转化为产物。

5.During market fluctuations, the economy can be described as being in a nonequilibrium state 非平衡状态 where supply and demand are mismatched.

在市场波动期间，经济可以被描述为处于一个非平衡状态 nonequilibrium state，供需不匹配。

作文

In the realm of physics and thermodynamics, the concept of a nonequilibrium state refers to a condition where a system is not in a state of balance or equilibrium. This means that the macroscopic properties of the system, such as temperature, pressure, and concentration, are not uniform throughout the system. Instead, there are gradients and variations that can lead to changes over time. Understanding nonequilibrium states is crucial for various scientific fields, including chemistry, biology, and even economics, as these systems often exhibit complex behaviors that differ from those observed in equilibrium conditions.For instance, consider a cup of hot coffee left in a cooler room. Initially, the coffee is at a high temperature while the surrounding air is much cooler. In this scenario, the coffee represents a nonequilibrium state because there is a significant temperature difference between the two systems. Heat will flow from the coffee to the air until thermal equilibrium is reached, meaning that both the coffee and the surrounding air will eventually attain the same temperature. During this process, the coffee undergoes a transition from a nonequilibrium state to an equilibrium state, illustrating how systems evolve over time.In biological systems, nonequilibrium states are also prevalent. For example, living organisms maintain their internal environments through metabolic processes that continuously consume energy and produce waste. These processes keep the cells in a nonequilibrium state relative to their surroundings. Homeostasis, the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes, is a direct consequence of these nonequilibrium states. If an organism fails to maintain this balance, it may lead to dysfunction or disease.Moreover, in the field of economics, markets can be seen as nonequilibrium states when they experience sudden shocks or changes, such as a financial crisis or a natural disaster. Prices may become volatile, and supply and demand can fluctuate dramatically as participants react to new information. Understanding these nonequilibrium states can help economists and policymakers devise strategies to stabilize markets and promote recovery.In conclusion, the study of nonequilibrium states is essential across various disciplines. Whether in physics, biology, or economics, recognizing how systems behave away from equilibrium allows us to better understand dynamic processes and make informed decisions. The transition from a nonequilibrium state to equilibrium is a fundamental aspect of nature, driving change and evolution in all forms of matter and life. By exploring these concepts further, we can gain deeper insights into the complexities of the world around us and improve our ability to navigate challenges in diverse fields.

在物理学和热力学领域，nonequilibrium state（非平衡状态）的概念指的是一个系统处于不平衡或非平衡的状态。这意味着系统的宏观属性，如温度、压力和浓度，在整个系统中并不均匀。相反，这些属性存在梯度和变化，可能导致随时间的变化。理解nonequilibrium states（非平衡状态）对于化学、生物学甚至经济学等多个科学领域至关重要，因为这些系统往往表现出与平衡条件下观察到的行为不同的复杂特征。例如，考虑一杯放在较凉房间中的热咖啡。最初，咖啡的温度很高，而周围的空气则要凉得多。在这种情况下，咖啡代表了一种nonequilibrium state（非平衡状态），因为两个系统之间存在显著的温度差异。热量将从咖啡流向空气，直到达到热平衡，也就是说，咖啡和周围空气最终会达到相同的温度。在这个过程中，咖啡经历了从nonequilibrium state（非平衡状态）到平衡状态的转变，说明了系统如何随着时间的推移而演变。在生物系统中，nonequilibrium states（非平衡状态）也很常见。例如，活生物体通过代谢过程维持其内部环境，这些过程不断消耗能量并产生废物。这些过程使得细胞相对于周围环境保持在nonequilibrium state（非平衡状态）。稳态，即生物体在外部变化中维持稳定内部条件的能力，直接是这些nonequilibrium states（非平衡状态）的结果。如果生物体未能维持这种平衡，可能会导致功能障碍或疾病。此外，在经济学领域，当市场经历突然冲击或变化时，例如金融危机或自然灾害，可以将市场视为nonequilibrium states（非平衡状态）。价格可能变得不稳定，供需可能剧烈波动，因为参与者对新信息作出反应。理解这些nonequilibrium states（非平衡状态）可以帮助经济学家和政策制定者制定稳定市场和促进复苏的策略。总之，研究nonequilibrium states（非平衡状态）在各个学科中都是至关重要的。无论是在物理学、生物学还是经济学中，认识到系统在远离平衡时的行为，使我们能够更好地理解动态过程并做出明智的决策。从nonequilibrium state（非平衡状态）到平衡的过渡是自然的基本特征，推动着所有物质和生命形式的变化和演化。通过进一步探索这些概念，我们可以深入了解周围世界的复杂性，提高我们在各种领域应对挑战的能力。