supermajority

简明释义

英[/ˌsuːpərˈmeɪdʒərɪti/]美[/ˌsuːpərˈmeɪdʒərɪti/]

n. 绝对多数制

复 数 s u p e r m a j o r i t i e s

英英释义

A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support that exceeds a simple majority, often defined as two-thirds or three-quarters of the votes.

超级多数是对提案所需支持水平的要求，该水平超过简单多数，通常定义为三分之二或四分之三的投票。

单词用法

同义词

qualified majority

合格多数

A qualified majority is often required for constitutional amendments.

宪法修正案通常需要合格多数通过。

absolute majority

绝对多数

In many organizations, a two-thirds majority is needed to pass significant changes.

在许多组织中，重大变更需要三分之二多数通过。

two-thirds majority

三分之二多数

An absolute majority means more than half of the votes cast.

绝对多数意味着超过半数的投票。

three-fifths majority

五分之三多数

A three-fifths majority can be necessary for certain legislative actions.

在某些立法行动中，五分之三多数可能是必要的。

反义词

simple majority

简单多数

A simple majority is often sufficient to pass legislation in many legislative bodies.

在许多立法机构中，简单多数通常足以通过立法。

plurality

相对多数

In an election, a candidate can win with a plurality of votes, even if they do not achieve a majority.

在选举中，候选人可以通过相对多数票获胜，即使他们没有获得多数。

例句

1.But since the Senate has an even stronger rural bias than the House and requires a supermajority of 60 to avoid filibusters, things could get even messier.

但是，和众议院相比，参议院有更强的农业倾向，更需要有绝对多数的60票来防止议案受阻挠，事情会变得更加棘手。

2.The supermajority rule would be no bad thing if it forced the majority party to reach out to the other side.

超级多数的规则在使得多数党考虑另一方意见上的确不是一件坏事。

3.Republican conservatives there, reinforced by Tea Party adherents elected last November, vow to filibuster any increase in the debt limit, which would require a 60-vote supermajority to overcome.

参议院的共和党保守派，加上去年11月被选出的茶党追随者，发誓说会阻碍任何债务限额增加议案的通过，这将需要60票才能以绝对优势克服这一阻碍。

4.To put the vote on the ballot the traditional way, Mr Brown needs a supermajority (two-thirds) in the legislature.

采用传统方式以不记名形式投票，布朗需要在议会有绝对多数（至少三分之二）的支持率。

5.Last month the Senate blocked a proposal for a bipartisan commission on deficit reduction: the yeas outnumbered the nays by 53 to 46, but failed to reach a supermajority.

上个月参议院挡下了一个提议要成立跨党派的委员会来削减赤字，赞成的有五十三票而反对的有四十六票，没能达到超级多数。

6.Republican conservatives there, reinforced by Tea Party adherents elected last November, vow to filibuster any increase in the debt limit, which would require a 60-vote supermajority to overcome.

参议院的共和党保守派，加上去年11月被选出的茶党追随者，发誓说会阻碍任何债务限额增加议案的通过，这将需要60票才能以绝对优势克服这一阻碍。

7.Of course Mr Obama could get things done when he had a supermajority, and the stimulus even passed without one.

想当然尔，欧巴马在有超级多数时可以把事情完成，而他甚至不需要超级多数来通过经济刺激方案。

8.His ratings are falling, and in November's mid-term elections he looks likely, at the very least, to lose his supermajority in the Senate.

他的支持率正在下降，在今年11月的中期选举中，看起来极有可能至少会失去在参院的绝对多数。

9.But the chamber has operated for decades under rules that were designed to overcome filibusters but are now used to require a 60-vote supermajority for most important bills.

数十年来参议院一直遵守这项克服阻挠议案的原则，但是现在最重大的议案都要求达到60票的绝对多数。

10.The company’s bylaws require a supermajority 超多数 for any significant changes in policy.

公司的章程要求对任何重大政策变更需获得 超多数 的支持。

11.During the vote, it became clear that achieving a supermajority 超多数 was going to be a challenge.

在投票过程中，显然达到 超多数 将是一项挑战。

12.In order to amend the constitution, a supermajority 超多数 of two-thirds of the votes is required.

为了修改宪法，需要三分之二的投票 超多数 。

13.To pass the new legislation, lawmakers needed a supermajority 超多数 in both houses.

为了通过新立法，立法者需要在两院中获得 超多数 的支持。

14.The board decided that a supermajority 超多数 would be necessary to approve the merger.

董事会决定，批准合并需要 超多数 的支持。

作文

In the realm of governance and decision-making, the term supermajority refers to a requirement that exceeds a simple majority for certain actions or decisions to be valid. A simple majority is defined as more than half of the votes cast, while a supermajority typically requires a higher threshold, such as two-thirds or three-fifths of the votes. This concept is particularly significant in legislative processes, constitutional amendments, and organizational bylaws, where it serves to ensure that a broader consensus is achieved before critical decisions are made.The use of a supermajority is often justified by the need for stability and legitimacy in governance. For instance, when a government seeks to amend its constitution, requiring a supermajority helps prevent hasty decisions that could lead to instability or significant changes in the fundamental laws of the land. By ensuring that a larger segment of the population supports a change, it fosters a sense of unity and shared purpose among citizens.Moreover, the supermajority requirement can act as a safeguard against the tyranny of the majority. In democratic systems, there is always a risk that the majority may impose its will on minority groups. By requiring a supermajority, the system encourages dialogue and compromise, as it necessitates the inclusion of diverse perspectives in the decision-making process. This is especially important in pluralistic societies where varied interests must be balanced to maintain social harmony.However, the implementation of a supermajority can also lead to challenges. For example, achieving a supermajority can be difficult in deeply divided societies, where consensus is hard to come by. This can result in legislative gridlock, where important reforms are stalled due to an inability to meet the required threshold. Critics argue that this can hinder progress and prevent necessary changes from being enacted in a timely manner.Furthermore, the definition of what constitutes a supermajority can vary depending on the context. In some organizations, a simple two-thirds vote may suffice, while others might require an even higher percentage, such as three-quarters. This variability can create confusion and complicate the decision-making process, particularly in multi-tiered governance structures.In conclusion, the concept of supermajority plays a crucial role in ensuring that significant decisions reflect a broad consensus rather than the whims of a fleeting majority. While it promotes stability and inclusivity, it also poses challenges that must be navigated carefully. As societies continue to evolve, the debate over the appropriate use and thresholds for a supermajority will likely persist, reflecting the ongoing tension between the need for decisive action and the desire for comprehensive agreement among diverse populations.

在治理和决策的领域中，术语supermajority指的是某些行动或决策有效所需的超过简单多数的要求。简单多数被定义为超过一半的投票，而supermajority通常要求更高的门槛，例如三分之二或五分之三的投票。这一概念在立法过程中、宪法修正案和组织章程中尤为重要，因为它确保在做出关键决策之前实现更广泛的共识。使用supermajority通常是因为需要在治理中实现稳定性和合法性。例如，当一个政府寻求修宪时，要求supermajority有助于防止匆忙的决定，这可能导致不稳定或对国家基本法律的重大改变。通过确保更大部分的人口支持变更，它促进了公民之间的团结感和共同目标感。此外，supermajority要求可以作为防止多数暴政的保障。在民主制度中，总是存在多数可能将其意志强加于少数群体的风险。通过要求supermajority，系统鼓励对话和妥协，因为它需要在决策过程中纳入多样的观点。这在多元化的社会中尤其重要，因为必须平衡各种利益以维持社会和谐。然而，实施supermajority也可能带来挑战。例如，在深度分裂的社会中，实现supermajority可能非常困难，达成共识变得艰难。这可能导致立法僵局，重要的改革因无法满足所需的门槛而停滞不前。批评者认为，这可能阻碍进展，并防止必要的变化及时实施。此外，什么构成supermajority的定义可能会根据上下文而有所不同。在某些组织中，简单的三分之二投票可能就足够，而其他组织可能需要更高的百分比，如四分之三。这种变异性可能会导致混淆，并使决策过程复杂化，特别是在多层治理结构中。总之，supermajority的概念在确保重大决策反映广泛共识而非短暂多数的任性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然它促进了稳定性和包容性，但也带来了必须谨慎应对的挑战。随着社会的不断发展，关于supermajority的适当使用和门槛的辩论可能会持续，反映出在需要果断行动与希望在多样化人群中达成全面协议之间的持续紧张关系。