transmission mechanism

简明释义

传动装置

英英释义

例句

1.The transmission mechanism of climate change impacts is complex and involves various environmental factors.

气候变化影响的传导机制是复杂的，涉及各种环境因素。

2.Researchers are exploring the transmission mechanism of diseases to develop better prevention strategies.

研究人员正在探索疾病的传播机制，以制定更好的预防策略。

3.The central bank is studying the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to understand its effects on the economy.

中央银行正在研究货币政策的传导机制，以了解其对经济的影响。

4.In physics, the transmission mechanism refers to how waves propagate through different mediums.

在物理学中，传导机制指的是波如何通过不同介质传播。

5.Understanding the transmission mechanism of social media influence can help brands target their audiences more effectively.

理解社交媒体影响的传播机制可以帮助品牌更有效地定位受众。

作文

The concept of the transmission mechanism plays a crucial role in economics, particularly in understanding how monetary policy affects the economy. At its core, the transmission mechanism refers to the process through which central banks influence economic activity and inflation through changes in interest rates and other monetary tools. When a central bank decides to alter interest rates, it sets off a chain reaction that impacts various sectors of the economy. For instance, when interest rates are lowered, borrowing costs decrease, making it cheaper for consumers and businesses to take out loans. This leads to increased spending and investment, which can stimulate economic growth. Conversely, when interest rates are raised, borrowing becomes more expensive, which can dampen spending and slow down economic activity. The transmission mechanism operates through several channels. One of the primary channels is the credit channel, where changes in interest rates affect the availability of credit. Lower interest rates typically encourage banks to lend more, as they can offer loans at lower costs. This increase in lending can lead to higher consumer spending on big-ticket items like homes and cars, thus boosting overall demand in the economy. Another important channel is the wealth effect. When interest rates fall, asset prices such as stocks and real estate often rise. As individuals see their wealth increase due to higher asset values, they may feel more confident and willing to spend. This psychological aspect of the transmission mechanism highlights how perceptions of wealth can influence economic behavior. The exchange rate channel is also significant. Changes in interest rates can affect currency values, which in turn impacts exports and imports. For example, if a country lowers its interest rates, its currency may depreciate, making its exports cheaper for foreign buyers. This can lead to increased demand for those exports, further stimulating economic growth. However, the transmission mechanism is not always straightforward. Various factors can influence its effectiveness, including consumer confidence, global economic conditions, and structural issues within the economy. For instance, during times of economic uncertainty, even lower interest rates may not lead to increased borrowing and spending, as consumers may choose to save rather than spend. Moreover, the lag time between changes in monetary policy and observable effects on the economy can complicate the analysis of the transmission mechanism. It can take months or even years for the full impact of a rate change to be felt throughout the economy. This delay makes it challenging for policymakers to gauge the immediate effects of their decisions. In conclusion, the transmission mechanism is a vital component of how monetary policy impacts the economy. Understanding this process helps economists and policymakers make informed decisions regarding interest rates and other monetary tools. By recognizing the various channels through which the transmission mechanism operates, we can better appreciate the complexities of economic dynamics and the challenges faced by central banks in steering the economy toward stability and growth.

“传导机制”这一概念在经济学中发挥着至关重要的作用，特别是在理解货币政策如何影响经济方面。从本质上讲，“传导机制”指的是中央银行通过利率和其他货币工具的变化来影响经济活动和通货膨胀的过程。当中央银行决定改变利率时，会引发一系列影响经济各个部门的连锁反应。例如，当利率降低时，借贷成本减少，使消费者和企业更容易获得贷款。这导致支出和投资的增加，从而刺激经济增长。相反，当利率上升时，借贷变得更加昂贵，这可能会抑制支出并减缓经济活动。“传导机制”通过几个渠道运作。其中一个主要渠道是信贷渠道，利率变化影响信贷的可用性。较低的利率通常鼓励银行借出更多资金，因为它们可以以较低的成本提供贷款。这种贷款增加可能导致消费者在大宗商品（如房屋和汽车）上的支出增加，从而推动整体需求。另一个重要的渠道是财富效应。当利率下降时，股票和房地产等资产价格通常会上涨。随着个人看到由于资产价值的提高而使其财富增加，他们可能会感到更加自信并愿意消费。这一“传导机制”的心理方面突显了财富感知如何影响经济行为。汇率渠道也很重要。利率变化可能影响货币价值，进而影响出口和进口。例如，如果一个国家降低利率，其货币可能贬值，使其出口对外国买家更便宜。这可能导致对这些出口的需求增加，从而进一步刺激经济增长。然而，“传导机制”并不总是简单明了。各种因素可能影响其有效性，包括消费者信心、全球经济状况以及经济内部的结构性问题。例如，在经济不确定时期，即使利率较低，也可能不会导致借贷和支出的增加，因为消费者可能选择储蓄而不是消费。此外，货币政策变化与经济中可观察到的影响之间的滞后时间可能会使“传导机制”的分析变得复杂。利率变化的全面影响可能需要几个月甚至几年才能在经济中显现。这一延迟使得政策制定者难以评估其决策的即时效果。总之，“传导机制”是货币政策影响经济的重要组成部分。理解这一过程帮助经济学家和政策制定者就利率和其他货币工具做出明智的决策。通过认识到“传导机制”运作的各种渠道，我们可以更好地理解经济动态的复杂性以及中央银行在引导经济走向稳定和增长时所面临的挑战。