tolerances and fits

简明释义

公差及配合

英英释义

例句

1.To achieve a smooth operation, the tolerances and fits between the gears must be carefully calculated.

为了实现平稳运行，齿轮之间的公差和配合必须仔细计算。

2.In mechanical engineering, understanding tolerances and fits is crucial for ensuring parts assemble correctly.

在机械工程中，理解公差和配合对于确保部件正确组装至关重要。

3.The tolerances and fits specified in the design documents must be followed strictly during manufacturing.

设计文件中规定的公差和配合必须在制造过程中严格遵循。

4.The machine's performance depends on the precise tolerances and fits of its moving parts.

机器的性能依赖于其运动部件的精确公差和配合。

5.When selecting components, engineers often consider the tolerances and fits to prevent any assembly issues.

在选择组件时，工程师通常会考虑公差和配合以防止任何组装问题。

作文

In the world of engineering and manufacturing, precision is key to creating components that fit together seamlessly. One of the fundamental concepts that engineers must understand is tolerances and fits. These terms refer to the allowable variations in dimensions and the relationships between parts that ensure they can function together effectively. A proper understanding of tolerances and fits is essential for ensuring quality and reliability in any mechanical assembly.To begin with, tolerances define the permissible limits of variation in a physical dimension. For instance, if a shaft is designed to be 50 mm in diameter, a tolerance might allow for a variation of ±0.1 mm. This means that the actual diameter can range from 49.9 mm to 50.1 mm. Tolerances are crucial because they account for the imperfections that occur during manufacturing processes such as machining, casting, or forging. Without appropriate tolerances, parts may not fit together correctly, leading to malfunction or failure of the entire assembly.On the other hand, fits describe the relationship between two mating parts, typically a hole and a shaft. There are several types of fits, including clearance fit, interference fit, and transition fit. A clearance fit allows for a space between the two parts, ensuring easy assembly and movement. For example, if a shaft is slightly smaller than the hole it fits into, this creates a clearance fit. In contrast, an interference fit occurs when the shaft is larger than the hole, requiring force to assemble the two parts together. This type of fit is often used in applications where a tight bond is necessary, such as in gears or bearings. Transition fits lie somewhere in between these two extremes, allowing for either a slight clearance or interference depending on the specific dimensions involved.Understanding tolerances and fits is not just about knowing the definitions; it also involves applying this knowledge in practical situations. For instance, when designing a new product, engineers must carefully consider the materials being used, the manufacturing processes, and the intended application of the final product. Each of these factors can influence the choice of tolerances and fits. If a part will be subjected to high stress or wear, tighter tolerances may be required to ensure durability. Conversely, if parts need to be assembled quickly and easily, looser tolerances and a clearance fit may be more appropriate.Moreover, the implications of poorly specified tolerances and fits can be significant. In industries such as aerospace or automotive, even a small error in dimensions can lead to catastrophic failures. Therefore, engineers employ various tools and techniques, such as CAD software and statistical process control, to ensure that their designs meet the necessary specifications.In conclusion, tolerances and fits are critical concepts in engineering that play a vital role in the design and manufacturing of components. By understanding and applying these principles, engineers can create products that not only meet functional requirements but also ensure safety and reliability. As technology advances and manufacturing processes become more sophisticated, the importance of precise tolerances and fits will only continue to grow, making it an essential area of study for aspiring engineers.

在工程和制造的世界中，精确性是创造无缝配合组件的关键。工程师必须理解的一个基本概念是公差与配合。这些术语指的是尺寸的允许变化以及零件之间的关系，以确保它们能够有效地一起工作。对公差与配合的正确理解对于确保任何机械装配的质量和可靠性至关重要。首先，公差定义了物理尺寸的可变限度。例如，如果一个轴设计为直径50毫米，则公差可能允许±0.1毫米的变化。这意味着实际直径可以在49.9毫米到50.1毫米之间变化。公差至关重要，因为它们考虑了在加工、铸造或锻造等制造过程中发生的不完美。如果没有适当的公差，零件可能无法正确配合，从而导致整个装配的故障或失效。另一方面，配合描述了两个配合部分之间的关系，通常是孔和轴。有几种类型的配合，包括间隙配合、干涉配合和过渡配合。间隙配合允许两个部分之间有空间，确保易于组装和移动。例如，如果一个轴略小于它所配合的孔，就会形成间隙配合。相反，干涉配合发生在轴大于孔时，需要施加力才能将两个部分组装在一起。这种配合类型通常用于需要紧密结合的应用中，例如齿轮或轴承。过渡配合介于这两者之间，允许根据具体尺寸的不同，产生轻微的间隙或干涉。理解公差与配合不仅仅是了解定义；还涉及在实际情况下应用这些知识。例如，在设计新产品时，工程师必须仔细考虑所使用的材料、制造过程以及最终产品的预期应用。这些因素都会影响公差和配合的选择。如果某个部件将承受高应力或磨损，则可能需要更严格的公差以确保耐用性。相反，如果部件需要快速且容易地组装，较宽松的公差和间隙配合可能更合适。此外，指定不当的公差与配合的影响可能是显著的。在航空航天或汽车等行业中，即使是尺寸上的小错误也可能导致灾难性的故障。因此，工程师采用各种工具和技术，例如CAD软件和统计过程控制，以确保他们的设计符合必要的规范。总之，公差与配合是工程中的关键概念，在组件的设计和制造中发挥着重要作用。通过理解和应用这些原则，工程师可以创建不仅满足功能要求而且确保安全和可靠性的产品。随着技术的进步和制造过程的日益复杂，精确的公差与配合的重要性只会继续增长，这使其成为未来工程师必须学习的一个重要领域。