thermodynamic equilibrium

简明释义

热力平衡

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of thermodynamic equilibrium (热力学平衡) is crucial in understanding the efficiency of heat engines.

理解热机效率时，热力学平衡的概念至关重要。

2.To ensure accurate measurements, experiments must be conducted under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium (热力学平衡).

为了确保准确的测量，实验必须在热力学平衡的条件下进行。

3.Chemical reactions often proceed until the reactants and products achieve thermodynamic equilibrium (热力学平衡).

化学反应通常会进行到反应物和产物达到热力学平衡。

4.In a closed system, when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout, the system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium (热力学平衡).

在一个封闭系统中，当温度和压力在整个系统中均匀时，系统被称为处于热力学平衡。

5.During the phase transition from liquid to gas, the system reaches thermodynamic equilibrium (热力学平衡) at the boiling point.

在液体转变为气体的相变过程中，系统在沸点达到热力学平衡。

作文

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy. One of the key concepts in thermodynamics is thermodynamic equilibrium, which refers to a state where a system's macroscopic properties are stable over time. In this state, there are no net flows of matter or energy within the system, and all processes occur at a uniform temperature and pressure. Understanding thermodynamic equilibrium is essential for studying various physical and chemical processes, as it allows scientists to predict how systems will behave under different conditions.To illustrate the concept, consider a closed container filled with gas. Initially, the gas molecules may be unevenly distributed, creating areas of higher and lower density. Over time, these molecules collide with one another and move around, eventually leading to a uniform distribution throughout the container. When the gas reaches this uniform state, we can say that it has achieved thermodynamic equilibrium. At this point, the system's properties, such as pressure and temperature, remain constant unless acted upon by an external force.The importance of thermodynamic equilibrium extends beyond simple gas systems. In chemistry, reactions can also reach equilibrium, where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. This dynamic balance is crucial in understanding chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms. For instance, in a reversible reaction, if the system is disturbed by changing the concentration of reactants or products, it will respond according to Le Chatelier's principle, seeking to restore thermodynamic equilibrium.Moreover, thermodynamic equilibrium plays a significant role in engineering applications, particularly in the design of engines and refrigerators. Engineers must ensure that these systems operate efficiently, often striving to maintain optimal conditions that approach thermodynamic equilibrium. By doing so, they can minimize energy losses and maximize performance.In addition to practical applications, the concept of thermodynamic equilibrium also has philosophical implications. It raises questions about the nature of change and stability in physical systems. For example, when a system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, it does not mean that no changes occur at the microscopic level. Molecules continue to move and interact; however, these changes do not affect the overall macroscopic properties of the system. This distinction highlights the complexity of natural phenomena, where order and chaos coexist.In conclusion, thermodynamic equilibrium is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics that describes a state of balance within a system. Whether in gases, chemical reactions, or engineering systems, achieving and understanding this equilibrium is crucial for predicting behavior and optimizing performance. As we delve deeper into the principles of thermodynamics, the significance of thermodynamic equilibrium becomes increasingly apparent, revealing the intricate interplay between energy, matter, and the laws governing them.

热力学是物理学的一个分支，研究热、功、温度和能量之间的关系。热力学中的一个关键概念是热力学平衡，它指的是一个系统的宏观性质在时间上保持稳定的状态。在这种状态下，系统内部没有物质或能量的净流动，所有过程都在均匀的温度和压力下进行。理解热力学平衡对于研究各种物理和化学过程至关重要，因为它使科学家能够预测系统在不同条件下的行为。为了说明这一概念，考虑一个充满气体的封闭容器。最初，气体分子可能分布不均，形成高密度和低密度区域。随着时间的推移，这些分子相互碰撞并移动，最终导致整个容器内的均匀分布。当气体达到这种均匀状态时，我们可以说它已经实现了热力学平衡。此时，除非受到外部力的作用，系统的性质，如压力和温度，将保持恒定。热力学平衡的重要性不仅限于简单的气体系统。在化学中，反应也可以达到平衡，此时正反应的速率等于逆反应的速率。这种动态平衡对于理解化学动力学和反应机制至关重要。例如，在可逆反应中，如果通过改变反应物或产物的浓度来扰动系统，它将根据勒夏特列原理做出反应，寻求恢复热力学平衡。此外，热力学平衡在工程应用中也发挥着重要作用，特别是在发动机和冰箱的设计中。工程师必须确保这些系统高效运行，通常努力保持接近热力学平衡的最佳条件。通过这样做，他们可以最小化能量损失并最大化性能。除了实际应用，热力学平衡的概念还有哲学意义。它引发了关于物理系统中变化与稳定性的本质的问题。例如，当一个系统处于热力学平衡时，并不意味着微观层面上没有变化。分子继续移动和相互作用；然而，这些变化不会影响系统的整体宏观性质。这一区别突显了自然现象的复杂性，在这里，秩序与混沌共存。总之，热力学平衡是热力学中的一个基本概念，描述了系统内部的平衡状态。无论是在气体、化学反应还是工程系统中，实现和理解这种平衡对于预测行为和优化性能至关重要。随着我们深入探讨热力学原理，热力学平衡的重要性变得愈加明显，揭示了能量、物质及其所遵循的法则之间错综复杂的相互作用。