penetrance

简明释义

英[ˈpenətrəns]美[ˈpenətrəns]

n. （遗传）[遗] 外显率；穿透性，透入度

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Mechanisms of antibiotics resistance includes: (1) target site modification; (2) production of inactive enzymes; (3) decrease of drugs penetrance; (4) expression of efflux pumps.

抗菌药物耐药机制包括：(1)靶位修饰；(2)产灭活酶；(3)药物渗透力下降；(4)外排泵表达。

2.Mechanisms of antibiotics resistance includes: (1) target site modification; (2) production of inactive enzymes; (3) decrease of drugs penetrance; (4) expression of efflux pumps.

抗菌药物耐药机制包括：(1)靶位修饰；(2)产灭活酶；(3)药物渗透力下降；(4)外排泵表达。

3.This article has introduced a kind of technology about coal gas is exploited. The penetrance of the coal gas will be improved greatly and the output of the…

论文介绍了一种煤层气开采技术，利用该项技术可以大大提高煤层气的渗透性，增加煤层气的产量。

4.Outline lighting, projection lighting, internal penetrance lighting and intelligent lighting were introduced.

重点介绍轮廓照明、投光照明、内透照明和智能照明。

5.The suitable nuclear gene type is very important to raise the penetrance of multi-ovary.

因此，欲提高小麦多子房性状表达的外显率，选择合适核型至关重要。

6.Some environmental factors can increase the penetrance of genetic traits.

一些环境因素可以增加遗传性状的外显率。

7.In a family with a dominant gene for a condition, the penetrance can vary widely among family members.

在一个具有显性基因的家族中，家庭成员之间的外显率可能差异很大。

8.Researchers are studying the factors that influence the penetrance of certain hereditary cancers.

研究人员正在研究影响某些遗传性癌症的外显率的因素。

9.Understanding the penetrance of a gene can help in predicting disease risk in individuals.

理解基因的外显率可以帮助预测个体的疾病风险。

10.The genetic disorder exhibits incomplete penetrance, meaning not everyone with the mutation will show symptoms.

这种遗传病表现出不完全的外显率，这意味着并非所有携带突变的人都会出现症状。

作文

In the realm of genetics, the term penetrance refers to the proportion of individuals with a specific genotype who exhibit the associated phenotype. Understanding penetrance is crucial for geneticists and researchers as it helps in predicting the likelihood of certain traits or diseases manifesting in individuals based on their genetic makeup. For instance, consider a gene that is known to cause a hereditary condition. If the penetrance of this gene is 80%, it means that 80% of individuals who carry this gene will display the symptoms of the condition, while 20% may not show any signs despite carrying the same genetic information.The concept of penetrance can be influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions, lifestyle choices, and interactions with other genes. This variability is what makes genetic prediction challenging. For example, two individuals with the same genetic predisposition for a disease might lead vastly different lives—one might develop the disease while the other remains healthy. This disparity highlights the importance of considering both genetic and non-genetic factors when studying disease patterns.Moreover, penetrance can be classified into two categories: complete and incomplete. Complete penetrance occurs when all individuals with a particular genotype express the phenotype, whereas incomplete penetrance indicates that some individuals do not express the phenotype even though they possess the genotype. This distinction is essential for understanding the complexities of genetic inheritance and the manifestation of traits.An illustrative example can be found in the study of breast cancer susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are known to significantly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. However, the penetrance of these genes is not absolute. Research has shown that while many women with mutations in these genes will go on to develop cancer, a significant number may not, demonstrating the concept of incomplete penetrance. This unpredictability can lead to difficult decisions for individuals who carry these mutations, as they must weigh their options regarding surveillance and preventive measures.In conclusion, penetrance is a fundamental concept in genetics that illustrates the intricate relationship between genotype and phenotype. It underscores the fact that possessing a specific genetic variant does not guarantee the expression of a trait or disease. As we advance in our understanding of genetics, the implications of penetrance will continue to play a critical role in fields such as personalized medicine, genetic counseling, and public health. By recognizing the factors that influence penetrance, we can better understand the complexities of human health and disease, paving the way for more effective interventions and treatments in the future.

在遗传学领域，术语penetrance指的是具有特定基因型的个体中表现出相关表型的比例。理解penetrance对遗传学家和研究人员至关重要，因为它有助于预测某些性状或疾病根据其遗传构成在个体中显现的可能性。例如，考虑一个已知会导致遗传性疾病的基因。如果该基因的penetrance为80%，这意味着80%的携带该基因的个体将表现出该疾病的症状，而20%的人则可能没有任何迹象，即使他们携带相同的遗传信息。penetrance的概念可能受到多种因素的影响，包括环境条件、生活方式选择以及与其他基因的相互作用。这种变异性使得遗传预测变得具有挑战性。例如，两个具有相同遗传倾向的人可能过着截然不同的生活——一个可能会发展该疾病，而另一个则保持健康。这种差异突显了在研究疾病模式时，考虑遗传和非遗传因素的重要性。此外，penetrance可以分为两类：完全和不完全。完全penetrance发生在所有具有特定基因型的个体都表现出该表型，而不完全penetrance则表示一些个体尽管具有该基因型，但并不表现出表型。这一区别对于理解遗传继承的复杂性和性状的表现至关重要。一个说明性的例子可以在乳腺癌易感基因的研究中找到，例如BRCA1和BRCA2。这些基因被认为显著增加患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险。然而，这些基因的penetrance并不是绝对的。研究表明，虽然许多携带这些基因突变的女性最终会发展癌症，但仍有相当一部分女性可能不会，这展示了不完全penetrance的概念。这种不可预测性可能导致携带这些突变的个体面临艰难的决定，因为他们必须权衡监测和预防措施的选择。总之，penetrance是遗传学中的一个基本概念，它说明了基因型与表型之间复杂的关系。它强调了拥有特定遗传变异并不保证表现出某种性状或疾病这一事实。随着我们对遗传学理解的深入，penetrance的影响将在个性化医学、遗传咨询和公共卫生等领域继续发挥关键作用。通过认识影响penetrance的因素，我们可以更好地理解人类健康和疾病的复杂性，为未来更有效的干预和治疗铺平道路。