crusades

简明释义

英[kruːˈseɪdz]美[kruˈseɪdz]

n. 十字军；十字军东征

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Under no circumstances, " he said, "is it acceptable to use expressions which essentially lead to a clash of civilisations, such as 'crusades' and so on.

他说“使用‘十字军东征’这样本质上会引起文化冲突的表述是决不能接受的。”

2.Well, during the Crusades a vision of St. George was seen just before an important battle and the result was that this helped our knights to win.

那是在十字军东征时，就在一场重要的战斗之前，有人看见了圣乔治，接下来战斗的结果是我们的骑士打了胜仗。

3.The Crusades play their part in its lively distrust of the West today.

今天他们对西方的不信任，十字军东征扮演了重要的角色。

4.Meanwhile, thousands of knights followed the call of the church to join the Crusades.

与此同时，成千上万的骑士响应教会的号召，纷纷加入十字军。

5.We like to think that our erratic behavior is a thing of the past, that we've outgrown the excesses of the Crusades.

我们愿意这样认为，人类这种奇怪的行为只存在于过去，我们已经从十字军的极端行为中走出来。

6.The Northern crusades were the important factors of Latin-Christianization and Germanization.

北方十字军是拉丁天主教化和德国化的重要因素。

7.The children's charity launched crusades to raise awareness about child poverty.

这家儿童慈善机构发起了运动以提高人们对儿童贫困的意识。

8.The medieval crusades were a series of religious wars initiated by the Christians to reclaim the Holy Land.

中世纪的十字军东征是基督徒发起的一系列宗教战争，目的是重新夺回圣地。

9.Many historians study the crusades to understand the impact of religion on European history.

许多历史学家研究十字军东征以理解宗教对欧洲历史的影响。

10.The environmental crusades aim to combat climate change and protect natural resources.

环保运动旨在应对气候变化和保护自然资源。

11.In modern times, activists often engage in crusades for social justice and equality.

在现代，活动家们常常参与争取社会公正和平等的运动。

作文

The term crusades refers to a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church during the medieval period, primarily aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslim rule. These campaigns spanned from the late 11th century to the late 13th century and were characterized by their fervent zeal and commitment to the Christian faith. The crusades not only influenced the political landscape of Europe and the Middle East but also had profound cultural and social repercussions that are still felt today.One of the most notable aspects of the crusades is the way they mobilized large numbers of people across Europe. Thousands of knights, soldiers, and common folk took up the cross, motivated by a mix of religious fervor, the promise of land, and the hope of wealth. The First Crusade, initiated in 1096, was particularly successful, resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099. This victory was celebrated as a divine triumph, reinforcing the belief that the crusades were a righteous cause.However, the crusades were not without their darker aspects. They often led to violence against local populations, including Jews and Muslims, as well as other Christians who were deemed heretical. The sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 exemplifies how these campaigns could deviate from their original purpose, leading to significant loss of life and cultural heritage.The motivations behind the crusades were complex. While religious devotion played a central role, political and economic factors were equally influential. European monarchs sought to expand their territories and consolidate power, while many participants hoped to gain wealth and status. The crusades also facilitated trade between Europe and the East, introducing Europeans to new goods, ideas, and cultures.In addition to their immediate impacts, the crusades had lasting effects on Christian-Muslim relations. They fostered a legacy of mistrust and hostility that persisted for centuries. The idea of a 'holy war' became entrenched in both Christian and Islamic thought, shaping future conflicts and interactions between these two major religions.The crusades also played a significant role in the development of European identity. As various nations participated in these campaigns, a sense of shared purpose and common identity began to emerge among Christians in Europe. This newfound unity, however, came at the cost of intensified divisions within Christianity itself, as different sects vied for influence and control.In modern times, the crusades are often viewed through a critical lens, with scholars examining their implications on contemporary geopolitics and interfaith dialogue. The term has even evolved in popular culture to represent any concerted effort to promote a particular cause or ideology, sometimes detached from its original religious connotations.In conclusion, the crusades were a defining feature of medieval history, encapsulating the complexities of faith, power, and human ambition. Their legacy continues to influence our understanding of religious conflict and cultural exchange. As we reflect on the crusades, it is essential to recognize both their historical significance and the lessons they impart about tolerance, understanding, and the consequences of fanaticism.

“十字军东征”一词指的是中世纪时期由拉丁教会批准的一系列宗教战争，主要目的是从穆斯林统治下收复圣地。这些运动从11世纪末持续到13世纪末，以其热切的热情和对基督教信仰的承诺为特征。“十字军东征”不仅影响了欧洲和中东的政治格局，还产生了深远的文化和社会影响，这些影响至今仍在感受到。“十字军东征”的一个显著特点是它动员了大量来自欧洲的人。成千上万的骑士、士兵和普通人被激励起来，出于宗教热情、土地承诺和财富希望的混合动力，纷纷投身其中。第一次十字军东征于1096年发起，特别成功，导致1099年耶路撒冷的被占领。这一胜利被庆祝为神圣的胜利，强化了对“十字军东征”是正义事业的信念。然而，“十字军东征”并非没有其阴暗面。它们常常导致对当地人口，包括犹太人和穆斯林，以及被视为异端的其他基督徒的暴力。1204年第四次十字军东征期间对君士坦丁堡的洗劫，例证了这些运动如何偏离其原本目的，导致大量生命和文化遗产的损失。“十字军东征”背后的动机复杂。虽然宗教献身扮演了核心角色，但政治和经济因素同样具有影响力。欧洲君主寻求扩展领土和巩固权力，而许多参与者希望获得财富和地位。“十字军东征”也促进了欧洲与东方之间的贸易，使欧洲人接触到新商品、思想和文化。除了其直接影响外，“十字军东征”对基督教与伊斯兰教的关系产生了持久影响。它们助长了不信任和敌意的遗产，持续了几个世纪。“圣战”的观念在基督教和伊斯兰思想中根深蒂固，塑造了未来的冲突和这两大宗教之间的互动。“十字军东征”还在欧洲身份的发展中发挥了重要作用。随着各国参与这些运动，一种共同目的和共同身份的意识开始在欧洲基督徒中出现。然而，这种新发现的团结以基督教内部的加剧分裂为代价，因为不同的教派争夺影响力和控制权。在现代，“十字军东征”常常通过批判的视角来看待，学者们考察其对当代地缘政治和宗教间对话的影响。该术语甚至在流行文化中演变为代表任何为促进特定事业或意识形态而进行的集体努力，有时与其原始宗教含义脱离。总之，“十字军东征”是中世纪历史的一个决定性特征，概括了信仰、权力和人类雄心的复杂性。它们的遗产继续影响我们对宗教冲突和文化交流的理解。当我们反思“十字军东征”时，必须认识到它们的历史意义以及它们对宽容、理解和狂热后果的教训。