free enthalpy

简明释义

自由焓

英英释义

例句

1.In thermodynamics, we often calculate the free enthalpy 自由焓 to predict the equilibrium state of a system.

在热力学中，我们常常计算自由焓 自由焓来预测系统的平衡状态。

2.By minimizing the free enthalpy 自由焓, we can find the most stable configuration of the molecules.

通过最小化自由焓 自由焓，我们可以找到分子的最稳定配置。

3.The free enthalpy 自由焓 of a solution can be affected by temperature and pressure changes.

溶液的自由焓 自由焓会受到温度和压力变化的影响。

4.The free enthalpy 自由焓 is a crucial factor in determining the direction of chemical reactions.

在决定化学反应方向时，自由焓 自由焓是一个关键因素。

5.The change in free enthalpy 自由焓 during the reaction indicates whether the process is spontaneous.

反应过程中自由焓 自由焓的变化表明该过程是否是自发的。

作文

In the field of thermodynamics, the concept of free enthalpy (自由焓) plays a crucial role in understanding the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical processes. Essentially, free enthalpy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work obtainable from a closed system at constant temperature and pressure. This concept is vital for predicting the spontaneity of processes and the equilibrium state of systems.To grasp the significance of free enthalpy, it is essential to first understand its components. The term itself is derived from two key concepts: enthalpy and entropy. Enthalpy (焓) is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system, including internal energy and the energy needed to make room for it by displacing its environment. Entropy (熵), on the other hand, quantifies the degree of disorder or randomness in a system. The interplay between these two factors determines whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously.The mathematical definition of free enthalpy is given by the equation: G = H - TSwhere G represents free enthalpy, H is the enthalpy, T is the absolute temperature, and S is the entropy of the system. This equation illustrates how free enthalpy incorporates both the energy content of the system and the degree of disorder. A negative change in free enthalpy (ΔG < 0) indicates that a process can occur spontaneously, while a positive change (ΔG > 0) suggests that the process is non-spontaneous and requires external energy input.Understanding free enthalpy is particularly important in the context of chemical reactions. For example, consider a simple reaction where reactants transform into products. By calculating the free enthalpy change (ΔG) for this reaction, chemists can predict whether the reaction will occur under specific conditions. If the calculated value is negative, it implies that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and will proceed without additional energy. Conversely, if the value is positive, it indicates that the reaction is not favorable and may require catalysts or heat to proceed.Furthermore, free enthalpy has practical applications in various fields, including biochemistry, materials science, and engineering. In biochemistry, for instance, the concept helps in understanding metabolic pathways and enzyme kinetics. Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions, allowing them to occur more readily, which can be analyzed through changes in free enthalpy.In materials science, predicting the stability of different phases of a material often involves calculating free enthalpy. By knowing how free enthalpy changes with temperature and pressure, scientists can determine the most stable phase under given conditions, which is crucial for developing new materials.In conclusion, free enthalpy (自由焓) is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics that provides insight into the energy dynamics of chemical reactions and physical processes. Its ability to predict spontaneity and equilibrium makes it an invaluable tool across various scientific disciplines. By mastering the principles surrounding free enthalpy, students and professionals alike can deepen their understanding of energy transformations and contribute to advancements in their respective fields.

在热力学领域，自由焓的概念在理解化学反应和物理过程中的能量变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本质上，自由焓是一个热力学势，它测量在恒定温度和压力下，从封闭系统中获得的最大可逆功。这一概念对于预测过程的自发性和系统的平衡状态至关重要。要理解自由焓的重要性，首先需要了解它的组成。这个术语本身源于两个关键概念：焓和熵。焓是热力学系统总能量的度量，包括内能和为使其环境腾出空间而需的能量。而熵则量化了系统的无序或随机程度。这两个因素之间的相互作用决定了反应是否会自发进行。自由焓的数学定义由以下方程给出：G = H - TS其中G代表自由焓，H是焓，T是绝对温度，S是系统的熵。这个方程说明了自由焓如何结合了系统的能量含量和无序程度。自由焓的负变化（ΔG < 0）表明一个过程可以自发发生，而正变化（ΔG > 0）则表明该过程是非自发的，需要外部能量输入。理解自由焓在化学反应的背景下尤其重要。例如，考虑一个简单的反应，其中反应物转变为产品。通过计算该反应的自由焓变化（ΔG），化学家可以预测反应在特定条件下是否会发生。如果计算出的值为负，则意味着反应在热力学上是有利的，并且将在没有额外能量的情况下进行。相反，如果值为正，则表明反应不利，可能需要催化剂或热量才能进行。此外，自由焓在生物化学、材料科学和工程等多个领域具有实际应用。在生物化学中，这一概念有助于理解代谢途径和酶动力学。酶降低反应的活化能，使其更容易发生，这可以通过自由焓的变化进行分析。在材料科学中，预测材料不同相的稳定性通常涉及计算自由焓。通过了解自由焓随温度和压力的变化，科学家可以确定在给定条件下最稳定的相，这对开发新材料至关重要。总之，自由焓是热力学中的一个基本概念，提供了对化学反应和物理过程能量动态的洞察。它预测自发性和平衡的能力使其成为各个科学学科中不可或缺的工具。通过掌握自由焓周围的原则，学生和专业人士可以加深对能量转化的理解，并为各自领域的发展做出贡献。