energy barrier

简明释义

能量垒

英英释义

例句

1.In chemical reactions, catalysts lower the energy barrier (能量势垒), making it easier for reactants to form products.

在化学反应中，催化剂降低了能量势垒，使得反应物更容易形成产物.

2.The reaction rate increases when the temperature is raised, as it helps molecules overcome the energy barrier (能量势垒).

当温度升高时，反应速率增加，因为这有助于分子克服能量势垒.

3.Understanding the energy barrier (能量势垒) can help scientists design more efficient reactions.

理解能量势垒可以帮助科学家设计更高效的反应.

4.The energy barrier (能量势垒) is a critical factor in determining the feasibility of a reaction.

在决定反应的可行性时，能量势垒是一个关键因素.

5.Quantum tunneling allows particles to bypass the energy barrier (能量势垒) that would normally prevent them from passing through.

量子隧穿使粒子能够绕过通常会阻止它们通过的能量势垒.

作文

In the realm of chemistry and physics, the concept of an energy barrier plays a crucial role in understanding how reactions occur and how particles interact. An energy barrier refers to the minimum energy that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to take place or for a particle to transition from one state to another. This concept is fundamental in fields such as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and even biology, where it helps explain processes like enzyme activity and molecular transformations.To illustrate the significance of an energy barrier, consider the example of a ball rolling down a hill. The ball will only roll down if it has enough energy to overcome the height of the hill. If the hill is too steep or the ball does not have sufficient energy, it will remain at the top. Similarly, in chemical reactions, reactants must possess enough energy to surpass the energy barrier before they can transform into products. This energy requirement is often provided by heat, light, or other forms of energy input.The height of the energy barrier can vary significantly depending on the nature of the reaction. Some reactions have low energy barriers and can occur spontaneously at room temperature, while others have high energy barriers that require specific conditions, such as increased temperature or the presence of a catalyst, to proceed. Catalysts are particularly interesting because they lower the energy barrier, allowing reactions to occur more readily without being consumed in the process. This principle is widely utilized in industrial applications, where catalysts enhance the efficiency of chemical processes.Moreover, the concept of an energy barrier extends beyond chemistry into biological systems. For instance, enzymes act as biological catalysts that facilitate biochemical reactions by lowering the energy barrier. Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate and works by creating an environment that reduces the energy barrier, thus speeding up the reaction. This mechanism is vital for sustaining life, as many biochemical reactions would not occur at a significant rate without the aid of enzymes.In the context of materials science, the energy barrier concept also plays a critical role. When studying the properties of materials, researchers often investigate how defects or impurities can affect the energy barrier for diffusion processes within solids. Understanding these barriers helps in designing materials with desirable properties, such as increased strength or improved conductivity.In conclusion, the energy barrier is a fundamental concept that provides insights into the mechanisms of chemical reactions, biological processes, and material behaviors. By recognizing the importance of energy barriers, scientists can develop better catalysts, improve reaction conditions, and create innovative materials that meet various technological needs. The study of energy barriers continues to be a vibrant area of research, with implications that reach far beyond the laboratory and into everyday life, influencing everything from medication development to renewable energy solutions.

在化学和物理学领域，能量障碍的概念在理解反应如何发生以及粒子如何相互作用方面起着至关重要的作用。能量障碍指的是必须克服的最低能量，以使化学反应发生或使粒子从一种状态转变为另一种状态。这个概念在热力学、量子力学甚至生物学等领域是基础性的，它帮助解释酶活性和分子转变等过程。为了说明能量障碍的重要性，可以考虑一个球滚下山坡的例子。只有当球有足够的能量克服山坡的高度时，它才会滚下。如果山坡太陡或球没有足够的能量，它将停留在顶部。同样，在化学反应中，反应物必须具备足够的能量以超越能量障碍，才能转变为产物。这种能量需求通常通过热、光或其他形式的能量输入来提供。能量障碍的高度因反应的性质而异。有些反应具有较低的能量障碍，可以在室温下自发发生，而其他一些反应则具有较高的能量障碍，需要特定条件，如提高温度或存在催化剂，才能进行。催化剂尤其有趣，因为它们降低了能量障碍，使反应更容易进行而不被消耗。这一原理广泛应用于工业，催化剂提高了化学过程的效率。此外，能量障碍的概念还扩展到生物系统中。例如，酶作为生物催化剂，通过降低能量障碍来促进生化反应。每种酶对特定底物具有特异性，并通过创造一个降低能量障碍的环境来加速反应。这一机制对于维持生命至关重要，因为许多生化反应如果没有酶的帮助，将无法以显著的速度发生。在材料科学的背景下，能量障碍的概念也发挥着关键作用。在研究材料的特性时，研究人员通常会调查缺陷或杂质如何影响固体内扩散过程的能量障碍。理解这些障碍有助于设计具有理想特性的材料，如增强强度或改善导电性。总之，能量障碍是一个基本概念，为化学反应、生物过程和材料行为的机制提供了深刻的见解。通过认识到能量障碍的重要性，科学家可以开发更好的催化剂，改善反应条件，并创造满足各种技术需求的创新材料。对能量障碍的研究仍然是一个充满活力的研究领域，其影响远远超出了实验室，深入到日常生活中，影响着从药物开发到可再生能源解决方案的方方面面。