electric conductivity

简明释义

电导率

英英释义

例句

1.Water's electric conductivity increases with the presence of dissolved salts.

水的电导率随着溶解盐的存在而增加。

2.Researchers are studying the electric conductivity of graphene for use in advanced electronics.

研究人员正在研究石墨烯的电导率以用于先进电子设备。

3.In semiconductor materials, electric conductivity can be altered by doping.

在半导体材料中，电导率可以通过掺杂来改变。

4.The electric conductivity of a material determines its suitability for electrical applications.

材料的电导率决定了其在电气应用中的适用性。

5.The metal wire has high electric conductivity, allowing it to carry current efficiently.

这根金属线具有高电导率，使其能够有效地传输电流。

作文

Electric conductivity is a fundamental property of materials that describes their ability to conduct electric current. This property is crucial in various fields, including electronics, materials science, and engineering. Understanding electric conductivity (电导率) allows scientists and engineers to select appropriate materials for specific applications, ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in electrical systems.In essence, electric conductivity refers to how easily electrons can move through a material when an electric field is applied. Materials with high electric conductivity are termed conductors, while those with low electric conductivity are called insulators. Metals like copper and aluminum are excellent conductors due to their atomic structure, which allows free movement of electrons. In contrast, materials like rubber or glass have tightly bound electrons, resulting in low electric conductivity and making them effective insulators.The concept of electric conductivity is not only limited to solid materials; liquids and gases can also exhibit this property. For example, saltwater is a good conductor because the dissolved ions facilitate electron movement, while pure water has very low electric conductivity. Understanding these differences is essential for applications in electrochemistry and environmental science.One of the significant factors affecting electric conductivity is temperature. Generally, as temperature increases, the electric conductivity of metals decreases due to increased lattice vibrations that impede electron flow. Conversely, in semiconductors, higher temperatures can increase electric conductivity by providing enough energy to free more charge carriers. This behavior highlights the importance of temperature control in electronic devices, where maintaining optimal operating conditions is vital for performance.The measurement of electric conductivity is typically performed using a device called a conductivity meter, which applies a known voltage across a sample and measures the resulting current. This measurement can be expressed in siemens per meter (S/m), which quantifies how well a material conducts electricity. Understanding these measurements is crucial for engineers designing circuits and selecting materials that meet specific electrical requirements.In recent years, research into materials with enhanced electric conductivity has gained momentum, especially in the development of new technologies such as flexible electronics and advanced batteries. For instance, graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, exhibits remarkable electric conductivity properties, making it a promising material for future electronic devices.Moreover, the study of electric conductivity extends to nanotechnology, where manipulating materials at the nanoscale can lead to significant improvements in their conductive properties. This research opens up new possibilities for innovative applications in various industries, including renewable energy, where efficient conductors are essential for solar panels and energy storage systems.In conclusion, understanding electric conductivity (电导率) is vital for advancing technology and improving the efficiency of electrical systems. Whether in everyday applications like wiring and appliances or cutting-edge research in materials science, electric conductivity plays a crucial role in determining how effectively we can harness and utilize electrical energy. As technology continues to evolve, the importance of studying and optimizing electric conductivity will only grow, paving the way for innovations that can transform our world.

电导率是材料的一种基本属性，描述了它们传导电流的能力。这一属性在电子学、材料科学和工程等多个领域至关重要。理解电导率（electric conductivity）使科学家和工程师能够选择适合特定应用的材料，从而确保电气系统的效率和有效性。从本质上讲，电导率指的是当施加电场时，电子在材料中移动的容易程度。具有高电导率的材料被称为导体，而具有低电导率的材料则称为绝缘体。铜和铝等金属是优秀的导体，因为它们的原子结构允许电子自由移动。相反，橡胶或玻璃等材料的电子结合得很紧密，导致低电导率，使它们成为有效的绝缘体。电导率的概念不仅限于固体材料；液体和气体也可以表现出这一属性。例如，盐水是良好的导体，因为溶解的离子促进了电子的移动，而纯水的电导率非常低。理解这些差异对于电化学和环境科学中的应用至关重要。影响电导率的一个重要因素是温度。通常，随着温度的升高，金属的电导率会降低，因为增加的晶格振动阻碍了电子流动。相反，在半导体中，较高的温度可以通过提供足够的能量来释放更多的电荷载流子，从而提高电导率。这种行为突显了温度控制在电子设备中的重要性，保持最佳操作条件对性能至关重要。电导率的测量通常使用称为电导率计的设备，该设备在样品上施加已知电压并测量结果电流。该测量可以用西门子每米（S/m）表示，量化材料传导电流的能力。理解这些测量对于设计电路和选择符合特定电气要求的材料的工程师至关重要。近年来，对具有增强电导率的材料的研究逐渐升温，特别是在柔性电子和先进电池等新技术的发展中。例如，石墨烯是一种由碳原子以二维晶格排列而成的单层材料，展现出卓越的电导率特性，使其成为未来电子设备的有希望的材料。此外，电导率的研究扩展到纳米技术，在纳米尺度上操控材料可以显著改善其导电性能。这项研究为各个行业的创新应用开辟了新的可能性，包括可再生能源，在这些领域中，高效的导体对于太阳能电池板和储能系统至关重要。总之，理解电导率（electric conductivity）对于推动技术进步和提高电气系统的效率至关重要。无论是在日常应用如电线和电器中，还是在材料科学的前沿研究中，电导率在决定我们如何有效利用电能方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着技术的不断发展，研究和优化电导率的重要性只会增加，为能够改变我们世界的创新铺平道路。