carnot's cycle

简明释义

卡诺循环

英英释义

例句

1.To understand the limitations of real engines, one must study Carnot's cycle 卡诺循环 and its assumptions.

要理解真实发动机的局限性，必须研究卡诺循环 卡诺循环及其假设。

2.A reversible process is essential in achieving the ideal conditions described by Carnot's cycle 卡诺循环.

可逆过程对于实现卡诺循环 卡诺循环所描述的理想条件至关重要。

3.In thermodynamics, Carnot's cycle 卡诺循环 represents the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperatures.

在热力学中，卡诺循环 卡诺循环代表了在两个温度之间运行的热机的最大可能效率。

4.The concept of Carnot's cycle 卡诺循环 is crucial for engineers designing more efficient thermal systems.

对于设计更高效热系统的工程师来说，卡诺循环 卡诺循环的概念至关重要。

5.The efficiency of a heat engine can be analyzed using Carnot's cycle 卡诺循环 as a theoretical model.

可以使用卡诺循环 卡诺循环作为理论模型来分析热机的效率。

作文

The concept of carnot's cycle is fundamental in the field of thermodynamics, representing an idealized model that helps us understand the efficiency of heat engines. Named after the French physicist Sadi Carnot, who introduced it in 1824, the carnot's cycle serves as a benchmark for all real-world engines. It consists of four reversible processes: two adiabatic and two isothermal, which together illustrate how heat energy can be converted into work. In the first stage of the carnot's cycle, the working substance, typically a gas, undergoes isothermal expansion at a high temperature. During this phase, the gas absorbs heat from a hot reservoir, causing it to expand and do work on its surroundings. This process is crucial because it highlights the importance of maintaining a constant temperature while absorbing heat, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the engine. Next, the gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, where it continues to do work but without any heat exchange with the environment. As the gas expands, it cools down, leading to a decrease in temperature. This stage is essential for demonstrating how work can be done without the addition of heat, emphasizing the conservation of energy principles. The third step involves isothermal compression, where the gas is brought into contact with a cold reservoir. Here, the gas releases heat to the cold reservoir while being compressed, which causes its volume to decrease. This process illustrates the significance of temperature differences in the functioning of heat engines. The greater the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, the more efficient the engine can potentially be. Finally, the carnot's cycle concludes with adiabatic compression. In this stage, the gas is compressed further without exchanging heat. As a result, its temperature increases, preparing it for the next cycle of isothermal expansion. This final step emphasizes the idea that work can be done on the gas, increasing its internal energy. The efficiency of the carnot's cycle is defined by the ratio of the work output to the heat input, which can be calculated using the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs. The formula for efficiency (η) is given by η = 1 - (T_c / T_h), where T_c is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir and T_h is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir. This relationship shows that no engine can be 100% efficient, as some energy will always be lost as waste heat. Understanding the carnot's cycle is crucial for engineers and scientists alike, as it sets the theoretical limits for the performance of real heat engines. While no actual engine can achieve the perfect efficiency predicted by the carnot's cycle, it provides a valuable framework for improving engine designs and understanding the principles of energy conversion. By studying this cycle, we gain insights into how to minimize energy losses and maximize output, which is particularly relevant in today's world, where energy efficiency is paramount. In conclusion, the carnot's cycle not only serves as a theoretical model but also as a guiding principle in the development of more efficient heat engines. Its significance extends beyond academia and into practical applications, influencing the design of everything from automobiles to power plants. By grasping the intricacies of the carnot's cycle, we can continue to innovate and strive for greater efficiency in energy usage, ultimately benefiting both society and the environment.

“卡诺循环”的概念在热力学领域中是基础性的，代表了一个理想化的模型，帮助我们理解热机的效率。这个模型以法国物理学家萨迪·卡诺的名字命名，他在1824年首次提出这一概念。“卡诺循环”作为所有现实世界发动机的基准，由四个可逆过程组成：两个绝热过程和两个等温过程，这些过程共同展示了热能如何转化为功。 在“卡诺循环”的第一阶段，工作物质，通常是气体，在高温下经历等温膨胀。在这个过程中，气体从热储存器吸收热量，导致其膨胀并对周围做功。这个过程至关重要，因为它强调了在吸收热量时保持恒定温度的重要性，这有助于提高发动机的整体效率。 接下来，气体经历绝热膨胀，继续做功但不与环境交换热量。随着气体膨胀，它会冷却，导致温度下降。这一阶段对于展示在没有添加热量的情况下如何做功至关重要，强调了能量守恒原理。 第三步涉及等温压缩，此时气体与冷储存器接触。在这里，气体在被压缩的同时将热量释放到冷储存器，从而导致其体积减小。这个过程展示了温差在热机运行中的重要性。热储存器和冷储存器之间的温差越大，发动机的潜在效率就越高。 最后，“卡诺循环”以绝热压缩结束。在这一阶段，气体在不交换热量的情况下进一步被压缩。因此，其温度升高，为下一个等温膨胀周期做好准备。这最后一步强调了对气体做功的概念，提高了其内能。 “卡诺循环”的效率由输出功与输入热量的比率定义，可以使用热储存器和冷储存器的温度进行计算。效率（η）的公式为η = 1 - (T_c / T_h)，其中T_c是冷储存器的绝对温度，T_h是热储存器的绝对温度。这个关系显示，没有发动机能够达到100%的效率，因为总会有一些能量作为废热损失。 理解“卡诺循环”对工程师和科学家而言至关重要，因为它设定了实际热机性能的理论极限。虽然没有实际的发动机能够实现“卡诺循环”所预测的完美效率，但它为改善发动机设计和理解能量转化原理提供了宝贵的框架。通过研究这一循环，我们获得了关于如何减少能量损失和最大化输出的见解，这在今天的世界中尤为相关，因为能效至关重要。 总之，“卡诺循环”不仅作为一个理论模型存在，而且作为开发更高效热机的指导原则。它的重要性超越了学术界，影响着从汽车到发电厂等各个方面的设计。通过掌握“卡诺循环”的复杂性，我们能够继续创新，追求能源使用的更高效率，最终使社会和环境受益。