atmospheric braking

简明释义

大气制动

英英释义

例句

1.Engineers calculated the optimal angle for atmospheric braking to ensure a safe landing.

工程师计算了最佳角度，以确保安全着陆时的大气刹车。

2.The Mars rover utilized atmospheric braking to reduce its velocity before touching down.

火星探测器在着陆前利用了大气刹车来降低速度。

3.By employing atmospheric braking, the satellite was able to adjust its orbit effectively.

通过采用大气刹车，卫星能够有效调整其轨道。

4.During re-entry, the shuttle relied on atmospheric braking to decrease its speed significantly.

在重返过程中，航天飞机依靠大气刹车显著降低速度。

5.The spacecraft used atmospheric braking to slow down as it entered the planet's atmosphere.

宇宙飞船在进入行星大气层时使用了大气刹车来减速。

作文

In the realm of aerospace engineering, one of the fascinating concepts is atmospheric braking. This term refers to the method by which spacecraft and other vehicles reduce their speed using the atmosphere's resistance. Essentially, atmospheric braking involves a vehicle entering a planet's atmosphere at high speeds, where the friction between the vehicle and atmospheric particles creates drag, thus slowing it down significantly. This technique is crucial for ensuring safe landings and controlled descents, especially for space missions returning to Earth.The physics behind atmospheric braking is grounded in Newton's laws of motion, particularly the principles of force and acceleration. When a spacecraft re-enters the Earth's atmosphere, it encounters air resistance that acts against its forward motion. The denser the atmosphere, the more effective the atmospheric braking will be. For example, during the re-entry phase, a spacecraft like the Space Shuttle would deploy its heat shield to withstand the intense heat generated by friction while simultaneously utilizing the drag force to decelerate.One of the most notable applications of atmospheric braking is during the landing of Mars rovers. When a rover approaches Mars, it travels at incredibly high speeds, often exceeding thousands of kilometers per hour. To safely land on the Martian surface, engineers design a sequence of events that incorporates atmospheric braking. As the rover enters the thin Martian atmosphere, it deploys a parachute or uses retro rockets to slow down, allowing it to reach the surface gently.However, atmospheric braking is not without its challenges. The effectiveness of this method depends greatly on the vehicle's design, the angle of entry, and the atmospheric conditions at the time of re-entry. If a spacecraft enters the atmosphere too steeply, it may experience excessive heat and pressure, potentially leading to catastrophic failure. Conversely, if the angle is too shallow, the vehicle might skip off the atmosphere and return to space instead of descending as planned.Moreover, atmospheric braking plays a critical role in the success of various space missions. For instance, during the Apollo missions, astronauts relied on this technique for re-entry into Earth's atmosphere after their lunar excursions. The precise calculations involved in determining the correct angle and speed for re-entry were vital for the safety of the crew and the mission's success.In conclusion, atmospheric braking is an essential concept in aerospace engineering that highlights the interplay between physics and technology. It enables spacecraft to transition from the vastness of space to the confines of a planetary atmosphere, ensuring safe landings and successful missions. As we continue to explore beyond our planet, understanding and mastering atmospheric braking will remain a fundamental aspect of aerospace design and engineering. The future of space exploration will undoubtedly rely on advancements in this area, making it a topic of great importance for scientists and engineers alike.

在航空航天工程领域，一个引人入胜的概念是大气制动。这个术语指的是航天器和其他飞行器通过利用大气的阻力来降低速度的方法。本质上，大气制动涉及到飞行器以高速进入行星的大气层，在飞行器与大气颗粒之间的摩擦产生阻力，从而显著减速。这种技术对于确保安全着陆和控制下降至关重要，特别是对于返回地球的太空任务。大气制动背后的物理学基于牛顿运动定律，特别是力和加速度的原理。当航天器重新进入地球大气层时，它会遇到与其前进运动相反的空气阻力。大气越密集，大气制动的效果就越明显。例如，在再入阶段，像航天飞机这样的航天器会部署其热盾，以承受由于摩擦产生的强烈热量，同时利用阻力来减速。大气制动的一个显著应用是在火星探测车的着陆过程中。当探测车接近火星时，它以极高的速度飞行，通常超过数千公里每小时。为了安全地降落在火星表面，工程师设计了一系列事件，其中包含了大气制动。当探测车进入稀薄的火星大气层时，它会部署降落伞或使用逆推火箭减速，使其能够轻松抵达表面。然而，大气制动并非没有挑战。该方法的有效性在很大程度上取决于飞行器的设计、进入角度以及再入时的气象条件。如果航天器以过陡的角度进入大气层，可能会经历过大的热量和压力，导致灾难性的失败。相反，如果角度过平缓，飞行器可能会从大气层跳出，而不是按计划下降回到地面。此外，大气制动在各种太空任务的成功中起着关键作用。例如，在阿波罗任务中，宇航员依赖这种技术在月球探险后重新进入地球大气层。确定正确的再入角度和速度所需的精确计算对保障机组人员的安全和任务的成功至关重要。总之，大气制动是航空航天工程中的一个基本概念，突显了物理学与技术之间的相互作用。它使航天器能够从广阔的太空过渡到行星大气的限制，确保安全着陆和成功的任务。随着我们继续探索地球之外，理解和掌握大气制动将始终是航空航天设计和工程的基本方面。太空探索的未来无疑将依赖于这一领域的进展，使其成为科学家和工程师都非常重视的话题。