chromosome

简明释义

英[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm]美[ˈkroʊməsoʊm]

n. 染色体

复 数 c h r o m o s o m e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Because the marks of evolution are literally all over our chromosome.

因为进化的标志印遍了我们的染色体。

2.One in five cell-lines mutated a particular region of chromosome 20.

1/5的培养细胞在20号染色体上的特定区域发生突变。

3.The Chromosome is now losing important genetic information and is no longer functional.

染色体现在缺少重要的遗传信息，不再具有功能。

4.The Y chromosome makes its owner male because it carries the male-determining gene.

Y染色体让携带者之所以成为男性，是因为它携带了雄性决定基因。

5.The scientists want to locate the position of the gene on a chromosome.

科学家们想找到该基因在染色体上的位置。

6.If the Y chromosome is detected, the fetus is male.

如果检测到Y染色体，则胎儿是个男性。

7.Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair in their child.

每个父母向孩子的每对染色体贡献一条染色体。

8.Humans have 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs.

人类有46条染色体，这些染色体被组织成23对。

9.Abnormalities in chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders.

在染色体中的异常可能导致遗传性疾病。

10.During cell division, chromosomes become visible under a microscope.

在细胞分裂过程中，染色体在显微镜下变得可见。

11.Scientists study chromosomes to understand heredity and genetic variation.

科学家研究染色体以了解遗传和基因变异。

作文

The study of genetics has always fascinated scientists and laypeople alike. One of the most crucial components of genetics is the structure known as a chromosome. A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. In humans, each cell typically contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. These chromosomes are essential for the proper functioning of cells and play a critical role in inheritance, as they determine the traits that are passed from parents to offspring.To understand the significance of chromosomes, it is important to delve into their composition. Each chromosome consists of tightly coiled DNA, which is organized into genes. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for producing proteins, which perform various functions in the body. The arrangement of genes on a chromosome is unique, and any alteration in this arrangement can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.For instance, Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in three copies instead of the usual two. This condition leads to various physical and intellectual disabilities. Understanding how chromosomes function and what happens when there are abnormalities is vital for medical research and treatment development.Moreover, chromosomes are not just limited to humans; they are found in all living organisms, including plants and animals. The number of chromosomes varies significantly among species. For example, fruit flies have only 8 chromosomes, while dogs have 78. This variation highlights the diversity of life on Earth and the intricate ways in which genetic information is stored and transmitted.The process of cell division, particularly mitosis and meiosis, is where chromosomes play a pivotal role. During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. In contrast, meiosis is the process that produces gametes, or sex cells, which contain half the number of chromosomes. This reduction is crucial for sexual reproduction, as it allows for the combination of genetic material from two parents, leading to genetic diversity in offspring.In recent years, advancements in technology have allowed scientists to explore chromosomes in greater detail. Techniques like CRISPR gene editing enable researchers to manipulate chromosomes at a molecular level, potentially correcting genetic defects or enhancing desirable traits in organisms. This opens up exciting possibilities for medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.In conclusion, chromosomes are fundamental to understanding genetics and heredity. They carry the blueprints of life, influencing everything from physical characteristics to susceptibility to diseases. As we continue to unravel the complexities of chromosomes, we unlock new doors to improve human health and advance our knowledge of biology. The study of chromosomes is not just about understanding what makes us who we are; it's about harnessing that knowledge for the betterment of society. The importance of chromosomes cannot be overstated, as they are indeed the building blocks of life itself.

遗传学的研究一直以来都令科学家和普通人着迷。遗传学中一个至关重要的组成部分就是被称为染色体的结构。染色体是一种由DNA和蛋白质构成的长丝状结构，携带着遗传信息。在人类中，每个细胞通常包含23对染色体，总共46条。这些染色体对于细胞的正常功能至关重要，并在遗传中发挥着关键作用，因为它们决定了从父母传递给后代的特征。要理解染色体的重要性，深入了解其组成是非常重要的。每条染色体由紧密卷曲的DNA组成，这些DNA被组织成基因。基因是DNA的片段，包含产生蛋白质的指令，这些蛋白质在体内执行各种功能。基因在染色体上的排列是独特的，任何这种排列的改变都可能导致遗传疾病或其他健康问题。例如，唐氏综合症是由于第21对染色体的额外副本引起的，导致有三条副本而不是通常的两条。这种情况会导致各种身体和智力上的残疾。理解染色体如何运作以及当存在异常时会发生什么，对于医学研究和治疗开发至关重要。此外，染色体不仅限于人类，它们在所有生物体中都可以找到，包括植物和动物。不同物种之间的染色体数量差异显著。例如，果蝇只有8条染色体，而狗则有78条。这种变异突显了地球生命的多样性以及遗传信息存储和传递的复杂方式。细胞分裂的过程，特别是有丝分裂和减数分裂，是染色体发挥关键作用的地方。在有丝分裂过程中，一个细胞分裂产生两个相同的子细胞，确保每个新细胞都接收到完整的染色体组。而减数分裂则是产生配子或性细胞的过程，这些细胞含有一半的染色体数量。这种减少对于有性生殖至关重要，因为它允许来自两个父母的遗传物质结合，从而导致后代的遗传多样性。近年来，技术的进步使科学家能够更详细地探索染色体。像CRISPR基因编辑这样的技术使研究人员能够在分子层面上操控染色体，潜在地纠正遗传缺陷或增强生物体中的理想特征。这为医学、农业和生物技术开辟了令人兴奋的可能性。总之，染色体是理解遗传学和遗传的重要基础。它们携带着生命的蓝图，影响着从身体特征到疾病易感性的方方面面。随着我们继续揭开染色体的复杂性，我们为改善人类健康和推动生物学知识的发展打开了新的大门。对染色体的研究不仅仅是关于理解造就我们的是什么；而是关于利用这些知识来造福社会。染色体的重要性不容小觑，因为它们确实是生命本身的基石。