neutral money

简明释义

中立货币，中性货币

英英释义

例句

1.Economists often debate whether neutral money 中性货币 truly exists in practice or is merely a theoretical construct.

经济学家们常常争论 中性货币 neutral money 在实践中是否真正存在，还是仅仅是一个理论构想。

2.In a stable economy, the concept of neutral money 中性货币 suggests that changes in the money supply do not affect real output.

在一个稳定的经济中，中性货币 neutral money 的概念表明货币供应量的变化不会影响实际产出。

3.During periods of inflation, many believe that neutral money 中性货币 can help stabilize the economy by controlling the money supply.

在通货膨胀时期，许多人认为 中性货币 neutral money 可以通过控制货币供应来稳定经济。

4.The idea of neutral money 中性货币 is crucial for understanding monetary policy and its impact on economic growth.

理解货币政策及其对经济增长的影响时，中性货币 neutral money 的概念至关重要。

5.Some theorists argue that neutral money 中性货币 leads to more efficient allocation of resources in the economy.

一些理论家认为 中性货币 neutral money 导致经济资源的更有效配置。

作文

In the realm of economics, the concept of neutral money is crucial for understanding how monetary policy affects the economy. Neutral money refers to a theoretical state where changes in the money supply do not affect real economic variables such as output, employment, or real interest rates. This idea is rooted in classical economics, which posits that in the long run, money is neutral, meaning that it only affects nominal variables like prices and wages, but not real variables. To illustrate this concept, consider a scenario where a central bank decides to increase the money supply. Initially, this might lead to lower interest rates, encouraging borrowing and spending. Businesses may invest more, and consumers may buy more goods and services. However, if the increase in the money supply is not backed by a corresponding increase in real output, the result will be inflation. As prices rise, the purchasing power of money decreases, leading to a situation where the initial benefits of increased spending are nullified by higher prices. Thus, in the long run, the effects of an increase in the money supply dissipate, and the economy returns to its natural level of output and employment. This is the essence of neutral money: while monetary expansion can have short-term effects on the economy, it does not change the fundamental economic realities in the long term. The implications of neutral money extend to policymakers as well. If they believe in the neutrality of money, they may focus on controlling inflation rather than attempting to influence real economic activity through monetary policy. This perspective aligns with the views of monetarists, who argue that managing the money supply is the most effective way to ensure economic stability. Critics of the neutral money hypothesis argue that money can have real effects on the economy, particularly in the short run. For instance, during periods of economic downturns, an increase in the money supply can help stimulate demand and support recovery. In such cases, the idea of neutral money may not hold, as the relationship between money supply and real economic activity can be more complex than the classical view suggests. Moreover, the role of expectations cannot be overlooked. If businesses and consumers expect future inflation due to an increase in the money supply, they may adjust their behavior accordingly, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where inflation expectations drive actual inflation. This phenomenon complicates the notion of neutral money, as it suggests that monetary policy can have lasting effects on the economy through the channel of expectations.In conclusion, neutral money is a foundational concept in economics that helps us understand the relationship between money supply and real economic activity. While it provides valuable insights into the long-term effects of monetary policy, it is essential to recognize the complexities and nuances of the economy in the short run. Policymakers must consider these factors when designing monetary interventions to ensure they achieve their desired outcomes without unintended consequences. Ultimately, the debate over the neutrality of money continues to shape economic theory and practice, highlighting the importance of a nuanced understanding of monetary dynamics.

在经济学领域，中性货币的概念对于理解货币政策如何影响经济至关重要。中性货币指的是一种理论状态，在这种状态下，货币供应量的变化不会影响实际经济变量，如产出、就业或实际利率。这个观点源于古典经济学，古典经济学认为，从长远来看，货币是中性的，这意味着它只会影响名义变量，如价格和工资，而不会影响实际变量。为了说明这一概念，考虑一个中央银行决定增加货币供应量的情景。最初，这可能导致利率降低，从而鼓励借贷和消费。企业可能会投资更多，消费者可能会购买更多商品和服务。然而，如果货币供应量的增加没有得到相应的实际产出增加的支持，结果将是通货膨胀。随着价格上涨，货币的购买力下降，导致最初增加消费的好处被更高的价格抵消。因此，从长远来看，货币供应量增加的影响会消散，经济将回到其自然的产出和就业水平。这就是中性货币的本质：虽然货币扩张在短期内可能对经济产生影响，但从长远来看，它并不会改变基本的经济现实。中性货币的含义还延伸到政策制定者。如果他们相信货币的中性，他们可能会专注于控制通货膨胀，而不是试图通过货币政策影响实际经济活动。这一观点与货币主义者的看法一致，货币主义者认为，管理货币供应是确保经济稳定的最有效方式。批评中性货币假说的人认为，货币在经济中可以产生实际效果，特别是在短期内。例如，在经济衰退期间，增加货币供应可以帮助刺激需求并支持复苏。在这种情况下，中性货币的概念可能不成立，因为货币供应与实际经济活动之间的关系可能比古典观点所暗示的更复杂。此外，预期的作用也不容忽视。如果企业和消费者由于货币供应的增加而预期未来通货膨胀，他们可能会相应调整行为，导致自我实现的预言，即通货膨胀预期驱动实际通货膨胀。这种现象使得中性货币的概念变得复杂，因为它表明货币政策可以通过预期渠道对经济产生持久影响。总之，中性货币是经济学中的一个基础概念，帮助我们理解货币供应与实际经济活动之间的关系。虽然它提供了关于货币政策长期影响的宝贵见解，但重要的是要认识到短期内经济的复杂性和细微差别。政策制定者在设计货币干预时必须考虑这些因素，以确保他们实现期望的结果，而不会带来意想不到的后果。最终，关于货币中性的问题的辩论继续塑造经济理论和实践，突显了对货币动态的细致理解的重要性。