functional finance

简明释义

职能财政

英英释义

例句

1.In times of recession, functional finance suggests increasing government spending to stimulate growth.

在经济衰退时期，功能性金融建议增加政府支出来刺激增长。

2.The concept of functional finance emphasizes the role of fiscal policy in achieving economic stability.

功能性金融的概念强调财政政策在实现经济稳定中的作用。

3.Many economists argue that functional finance can help reduce unemployment by funding job creation programs.

许多经济学家认为，功能性金融可以通过资助创造就业机会的项目来帮助减少失业。

4.Under functional finance, the focus is on the outcomes of financial policies rather than budgetary constraints.

在功能性金融下，重点是财务政策的结果，而不是预算限制。

5.The government adopted a policy of functional finance to ensure that public spending meets the needs of the economy.

政府采纳了功能性金融政策，以确保公共支出满足经济的需求。

作文

The concept of functional finance refers to an economic theory that emphasizes the role of government fiscal policy in achieving macroeconomic stability. Unlike traditional views that prioritize balanced budgets, functional finance suggests that the primary goal of government spending should be to promote full employment and economic growth. This approach was notably championed by economist Abba Lerner in the mid-20th century, who argued that the government should use its financial resources to address societal needs rather than strictly adhering to budgetary constraints.One of the key tenets of functional finance is that a government can and should run deficits when necessary to stimulate the economy. In times of recession, for instance, increased government spending can help to boost demand, create jobs, and ultimately lead to a recovery. Lerner posited that the government has the unique ability to issue currency, which allows it to finance its expenditures without the same limitations faced by households or businesses. This idea challenges conventional wisdom that equates deficits with fiscal irresponsibility.Moreover, functional finance argues that the focus should not be on the government’s budget balance but rather on the outcomes of its spending. If government expenditures lead to higher employment and economic activity, then they are justified, even if they result in a budget deficit. Conversely, if the government achieves a balanced budget while the economy languishes, this would be seen as a failure of policy.Critics of functional finance often raise concerns about inflation and the sustainability of government debt. They argue that excessive government spending can lead to rising prices and undermine economic stability. However, proponents counter that as long as there are unused resources in the economy—such as unemployed labor—government spending will not necessarily trigger inflation. Instead, it can be a powerful tool for economic recovery and growth.In practice, functional finance has been applied in various contexts, especially during economic crises. For example, during the global financial crisis of 2008, many governments adopted stimulus packages that reflected the principles of functional finance. They recognized the need to inject money into the economy to avert deeper recessions and restore confidence among consumers and investors.Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has reignited discussions around functional finance. Governments worldwide have implemented unprecedented levels of fiscal stimulus to support their economies, leading to debates about the long-term implications of such measures. Advocates of functional finance argue that these actions are necessary to ensure a swift recovery and prevent long-lasting damage to economies.In conclusion, functional finance offers a framework for understanding the role of government spending in promoting economic stability and growth. By prioritizing outcomes over budget balances, it provides a rationale for using fiscal policy as a tool to address unemployment and stimulate demand. As economies continue to face challenges, the principles of functional finance may become increasingly relevant in shaping effective economic policies.

功能性财政（functional finance）这一概念是指一种经济理论，强调政府财政政策在实现宏观经济稳定中的作用。与传统观点优先考虑预算平衡不同，functional finance认为政府支出的主要目标应是促进充分就业和经济增长。这种方法在20世纪中叶得到了经济学家阿巴·勒纳的广泛支持，他主张政府应利用其财政资源来满足社会需求，而不是严格遵循预算限制。functional finance的一个关键原则是，政府可以并且应该在必要时运行赤字以刺激经济。例如，在经济衰退时期，增加政府支出可以帮助提升需求、创造就业机会，并最终导致经济复苏。勒纳认为，政府具有发行货币的独特能力，这使其能够在没有家庭或企业面临的相同限制的情况下为其支出提供资金。这一观点挑战了将赤字等同于财政不负责任的传统智慧。此外，functional finance认为，关注的重点不应是政府的预算平衡，而应是其支出的结果。如果政府支出导致更高的就业率和经济活动，那么即使导致预算赤字也是合理的。相反，如果政府在经济低迷时实现了预算平衡，这将被视为政策的失败。functional finance的批评者常常对通货膨胀和政府债务的可持续性表示担忧。他们认为过度的政府支出可能导致物价上涨，从而破坏经济稳定。然而，支持者反驳说，只要经济中存在未被利用的资源，例如失业劳动力，政府支出就不一定会引发通货膨胀。相反，它可以成为经济复苏和增长的有力工具。在实践中，functional finance已在各种背景下得到应用，尤其是在经济危机期间。例如，在2008年全球金融危机期间，许多政府采用了反映functional finance原则的刺激计划。他们认识到需要向经济注入资金，以避免更深层次的衰退并恢复消费者和投资者的信心。此外，COVID-19大流行重新点燃了关于functional finance的讨论。全球各国政府实施了前所未有的财政刺激措施，以支持其经济，导致人们对这些措施的长期影响进行了辩论。functional finance的倡导者认为，这些举措对于确保快速复苏和防止经济受到长期损害是必要的。总之，functional finance为理解政府支出在促进经济稳定和增长中的作用提供了框架。通过优先考虑结果而非预算平衡，它为使用财政政策作为解决失业和刺激需求的工具提供了理由。随着经济继续面临挑战，functional finance的原则可能在塑造有效经济政策方面变得越来越相关。