political business cycle

简明释义

政治性商业周期

英英释义

例句

1.Historically, many governments have engaged in practices that illustrate the political business cycle during their election campaigns.

历史上，许多政府在选举活动中采取了体现政治经济周期的做法。

2.During election years, politicians often manipulate the economy to create a favorable environment, demonstrating the concept of a political business cycle.

在选举年，政治家们常常操纵经济以创造有利环境，这展示了政治经济周期的概念。

3.The political business cycle can lead to short-term economic gains that are not sustainable in the long run.

政治经济周期可能导致短期经济增长，但这种增长在长期内并不可持续。

4.Understanding the political business cycle helps economists predict government behavior in relation to fiscal policies.

理解政治经济周期有助于经济学家预测政府在财政政策方面的行为。

5.Critics argue that the political business cycle undermines the credibility of economic policies.

批评者认为，政治经济周期削弱了经济政策的可信度。

作文

The concept of the political business cycle refers to the fluctuations in economic activity that are correlated with the electoral cycle. This phenomenon occurs when politicians manipulate economic policies to influence voters and maximize their chances of re-election. Typically, governments may implement expansionary fiscal or monetary policies before elections to create a favorable economic environment, which can lead to short-term economic growth. However, this practice often results in negative consequences after the elections, such as inflation or increased public debt, as the policies may not be sustainable in the long run.Understanding the political business cycle is crucial for analyzing how political motivations can impact economic decisions. For instance, during an election year, a government might increase public spending on infrastructure projects or reduce taxes to stimulate the economy. These measures can create jobs and boost consumer confidence, leading to a temporary economic upturn. Voters, seeing the immediate benefits, may be more inclined to support the incumbent party.However, once the elections are over, the reality of fiscal constraints sets in. If the government has overspent or if the economy was artificially stimulated, it may face difficult choices in the following years. The initial boost in economic activity could be followed by a downturn, resulting in a political business cycle that reflects the adverse effects of pre-election manipulation. This cyclical pattern can undermine long-term economic stability and erode public trust in political institutions.Moreover, the political business cycle can vary significantly across different countries and political systems. In democracies, where elections are held regularly, the cycle may be more pronounced as politicians seek to maximize their electoral advantage. In contrast, in authoritarian regimes, leaders may have more leeway to implement unpopular but necessary economic reforms without the immediate pressure of upcoming elections.To mitigate the adverse effects of the political business cycle, some economists advocate for independent central banks and fiscal rules that limit government spending and borrowing. By establishing clear guidelines for economic policy, these measures can help prevent politicians from exploiting the economy for electoral gain. Additionally, increasing transparency and accountability in government spending can also reduce the likelihood of manipulative practices surrounding elections.In conclusion, the political business cycle highlights the intricate relationship between politics and economics. While short-term economic gains may benefit politicians seeking re-election, the long-term consequences can be detrimental to the economy and society as a whole. Recognizing this cycle is essential for voters, policymakers, and economists alike, as it underscores the importance of sound economic governance that prioritizes sustainable growth over electoral expediency.

“政治经济周期”这一概念是指与选举周期相关的经济活动波动。这种现象发生在政治家操控经济政策以影响选民并最大化其连任机会时。通常，政府可能会在选举前实施扩张性的财政或货币政策，以创造有利的经济环境，这可能导致短期经济增长。然而，这种做法往往会在选举后产生负面后果，例如通货膨胀或公共债务增加，因为这些政策在长期内可能不可持续。理解政治经济周期对于分析政治动机如何影响经济决策至关重要。例如，在选举年，政府可能会增加基础设施项目的公共支出或减少税收以刺激经济。这些措施可以创造就业机会并提高消费者信心，导致经济短暂繁荣。选民看到直接利益，可能更倾向于支持现任政党。然而，一旦选举结束，财政约束的现实就会显现。如果政府过度支出或经济被人为刺激，接下来的几年可能面临艰难选择。最初的经济活动提升可能会随之而来的是经济衰退，形成反映选举前操控的不利影响的政治经济周期。这种周期性模式可能会破坏长期经济稳定，并侵蚀公众对政治机构的信任。此外，政治经济周期在不同国家和政治体制中可能有显著差异。在民主国家，由于定期举行选举，周期可能更加明显，因为政治家寻求最大化他们的选举优势。相比之下，在威权政权中，领导者可能有更多的余地在没有即将到来的选举压力的情况下实施不受欢迎但必要的经济改革。为了减轻政治经济周期的不利影响，一些经济学家提倡建立独立的中央银行和限制政府支出与借贷的财政规则。通过建立明确的经济政策指导方针，这些措施可以帮助防止政治家利用经济进行选举获利。此外，提高政府支出的透明度和问责制也可以减少围绕选举的操控行为的可能性。总之，政治经济周期突显了政治与经济之间复杂的关系。虽然短期经济收益可能使寻求连任的政治家受益，但长期后果可能对经济和社会整体造成损害。认识到这一周期对选民、政策制定者和经济学家来说都是至关重要的，因为它强调了优先考虑可持续增长而非选举便利的良好经济治理的重要性。