government spending multiplier

简明释义

政府支出乘数

英英释义

例句

1.When the government increases its spending, the government spending multiplier can lead to a larger overall increase in GDP.

当政府增加支出时，政府支出乘数可能导致GDP的整体更大增长。

2.A government spending multiplier greater than one indicates that each dollar spent generates more than one dollar in economic activity.

大于1的政府支出乘数表明每花费一美元会产生超过一美元的经济活动。

3.Economists often debate the size of the government spending multiplier and its effectiveness during a recession.

经济学家们常常争论政府支出乘数的大小及其在经济衰退期间的有效性。

4.During times of economic downturn, the government spending multiplier can help stimulate growth by increasing demand.

在经济低迷时期，政府支出乘数可以通过增加需求来刺激增长。

5.The concept of the government spending multiplier is crucial for understanding how fiscal policy impacts the economy.

理解政府支出乘数的概念对于理解财政政策如何影响经济至关重要。

作文

The concept of the government spending multiplier is a crucial element in understanding how fiscal policy can influence economic growth and stability. At its core, the government spending multiplier refers to the idea that an increase in government spending will lead to a more than proportional increase in national income. This phenomenon occurs due to the ripple effect that government expenditures have on the economy. When the government invests in infrastructure, education, or public services, it not only creates jobs directly but also stimulates demand for goods and services, leading to further economic activity.To illustrate this, consider a scenario where the government decides to build a new highway. The initial investment provides jobs for construction workers, engineers, and architects. These workers, now with increased income, will spend their earnings on various goods and services, such as food, clothing, and entertainment. This increase in consumer spending leads businesses to hire more employees or increase hours for existing staff, further boosting income in the local economy. The cycle continues as these new employees also spend their wages, creating additional economic activity. This chain reaction is what economists refer to as the government spending multiplier effect.However, the size of the government spending multiplier can vary based on several factors, including the state of the economy, the type of spending, and the overall fiscal environment. For instance, during periods of economic recession, the multiplier effect tends to be larger because there are more unemployed resources available. In contrast, when the economy is at full capacity, the impact of additional government spending may be less pronounced as it could lead to inflation rather than real growth.Critics of the government spending multiplier often argue that excessive government spending can lead to increased national debt and potential long-term economic instability. They contend that while short-term boosts in spending may stimulate the economy, reliance on government expenditure can crowd out private investment and lead to inefficiencies. Therefore, it is essential for policymakers to strike a balance between stimulating the economy through government spending and ensuring that such measures do not lead to adverse effects in the long run.In addition, the effectiveness of the government spending multiplier is influenced by the way in which funds are allocated. Targeted investments in sectors that have high multipliers, such as education and healthcare, can yield significant returns in terms of economic growth and social welfare. On the other hand, spending in areas with lower multipliers may not generate the same level of economic activity. Thus, thoughtful consideration of spending priorities is vital for maximizing the benefits of the government spending multiplier.Ultimately, understanding the government spending multiplier is essential for both economists and policymakers. It provides insights into how government actions can shape economic outcomes and highlights the importance of strategic fiscal policies. By leveraging the multiplier effect, governments can effectively stimulate economies, create jobs, and promote sustainable growth. As we navigate the complexities of modern economies, the role of the government spending multiplier will continue to be a key area of focus in economic discourse and policy formulation.

政府支出乘数的概念是理解财政政策如何影响经济增长和稳定的关键要素。从本质上讲，政府支出乘数指的是政府支出的增加将导致国民收入的增加超过其比例的想法。这种现象是由于政府支出对经济产生的涟漪效应。当政府在基础设施、教育或公共服务上投资时，它不仅直接创造就业机会，还刺激对商品和服务的需求，进而推动进一步的经济活动。为了说明这一点，考虑一个场景：政府决定建造一条新高速公路。最初的投资为建筑工人、工程师和建筑师提供了工作。这些工人现在有了更多的收入，他们会把收入用于各种商品和服务，如食品、服装和娱乐。这种消费支出的增加导致企业雇佣更多员工或增加现有员工的工作时间，进一步提升了当地经济的收入。这个循环继续进行，因为这些新员工也会花费他们的工资，创造额外的经济活动。经济学家称这种连锁反应为政府支出乘数效应。然而，政府支出乘数的大小可能会因多个因素而异，包括经济状况、支出类型和整体财政环境。例如，在经济衰退期间，乘数效应往往更大，因为可用的资源失业率较高。相反，当经济处于充分就业状态时，额外政府支出的影响可能不那么明显，因为这可能导致通货膨胀而不是实际增长。政府支出乘数的批评者常常认为，过度的政府支出可能导致国家债务增加和潜在的长期经济不稳定。他们主张，虽然短期的支出激增可能刺激经济，但依赖政府支出可能挤出私人投资并导致低效率。因此，政策制定者必须在通过政府支出刺激经济与确保这些措施不会在长期内导致不良后果之间找到平衡。此外，政府支出乘数的有效性还受到资金分配方式的影响。在具有高乘数效应的领域（如教育和医疗保健）进行针对性的投资，可以在经济增长和社会福利方面产生显著回报。另一方面，在乘数效应较低的领域进行支出可能不会产生同样水平的经济活动。因此，仔细考虑支出优先事项对于最大化政府支出乘数的收益至关重要。最终，理解政府支出乘数对于经济学家和政策制定者都是至关重要的。它提供了关于政府行为如何塑造经济结果的见解，并突出了战略性财政政策的重要性。通过利用乘数效应，政府可以有效地刺激经济、创造就业机会并促进可持续增长。在我们应对现代经济的复杂性时，政府支出乘数的作用将继续成为经济讨论和政策制定的关键关注领域。