contributory negligence

简明释义

意外过失

英英释义

例句

1.The defendant argued that the plaintiff's contributory negligence was the primary cause of the injuries sustained.

被告辩称原告的共同过失是造成受伤的主要原因。

2.In a car accident case, the jury found that the plaintiff's own actions contributed to the crash, leading to a ruling of contributory negligence.

在一起汽车事故案件中，陪审团发现原告的行为对事故有贡献，因此裁定为共同过失。

3.Due to her contributory negligence, the woman received a reduced settlement from the insurance company.

由于她的共同过失，这位女士从保险公司获得的赔偿金减少了。

4.The court ruled that the cyclist's contributory negligence in riding without a helmet affected the outcome of the case.

法院裁定，骑自行车者未戴头盔的共同过失影响了案件的结果。

5.In slip and fall cases, proving contributory negligence can significantly impact the compensation awarded.

在滑倒和摔倒的案件中，证明共同过失会显著影响赔偿金额。

作文

Understanding the concept of contributory negligence is crucial for anyone studying law or involved in personal injury cases. Contributory negligence refers to a legal doctrine that can reduce the amount of compensation a plaintiff receives if they are found to have contributed to their own injury through their negligent actions. This principle is often applied in tort law, where the focus is on determining liability and damages in civil cases.To illustrate this concept, imagine a scenario where a pedestrian is struck by a car while jaywalking. If the pedestrian had been following traffic laws, such as using a crosswalk, they might have a strong case against the driver for negligence. However, because they were jaywalking, a court may find that the pedestrian's actions contributed to the accident. In this case, the defense could argue that the pedestrian's contributory negligence played a significant role in causing the injuries, which could lead to a reduction in the damages awarded.The application of contributory negligence varies by jurisdiction. Some places follow a pure form of this doctrine, where any degree of fault on the part of the plaintiff can bar recovery entirely. For instance, if a plaintiff is found to be 10% at fault for their injuries, they may not receive any compensation at all. Other jurisdictions adopt a modified version, allowing plaintiffs to recover damages as long as their fault does not exceed a certain percentage, often set at 50% or 51%.This legal principle serves to encourage individuals to act responsibly and adhere to safety regulations. It reinforces the idea that everyone has a duty to take reasonable care to avoid putting themselves in harm’s way. By holding plaintiffs partially responsible for their injuries, courts aim to promote accountability and discourage reckless behavior.However, critics of contributory negligence argue that it can lead to unjust outcomes, particularly when the plaintiff's contribution to the accident is minimal compared to the defendant's negligence. For example, if a driver is speeding and collides with a cyclist who failed to signal before turning, the cyclist might still be deemed partially at fault. This could result in the cyclist receiving little to no compensation for their injuries, despite the driver's clear negligence.In conclusion, contributory negligence is a complex and often contentious aspect of personal injury law. It requires careful consideration of the actions of both parties involved in an incident. Understanding this concept is essential for legal professionals and individuals alike, as it directly impacts the pursuit of justice and fair compensation in injury cases. As society continues to evolve, so too will the interpretations and applications of contributory negligence, shaping the landscape of personal injury law for years to come.

理解过失相抵的概念对于任何学习法律或涉及人身伤害案件的人来说都是至关重要的。过失相抵是指一种法律原则，如果原告被发现通过自己的过失行为对自己的伤害有所贡献，则可以减少原告获得的赔偿金额。这一原则通常适用于侵权法，重点在于确定民事案件中的责任和损害赔偿。为了说明这一概念，想象一个场景：一名行人在过马路时被一辆车撞到。如果行人遵循交通法规，例如使用人行横道，他们可能会对司机的过失提出强有力的诉讼。然而，由于他们在乱穿马路，法院可能会发现行人的行为对事故造成了贡献。在这种情况下，辩方可以辩称行人的过失相抵在造成伤害中起到了重要作用，这可能导致所获赔偿的减少。过失相抵的适用因辖区而异。有些地方遵循这一原则的纯粹形式，任何原告的过错都可能完全阻止恢复赔偿。例如，如果原告被发现对其伤害有10%的过错，他们可能根本无法获得任何赔偿。其他辖区则采用修改版本，允许原告获得赔偿，只要他们的过错不超过某个百分比，通常设定在50%或51%。这一法律原则旨在鼓励个人负责任地行事并遵守安全规定。它强化了每个人都有责任采取合理的措施以避免将自己置于危险之中的观念。通过将原告部分责任归于其伤害，法院旨在促进问责制，并阻止鲁莽行为。然而，过失相抵的批评者认为，这可能导致不公正的结果，特别是当原告对事故的贡献与被告的过失相比微不足道时。例如，如果一名司机超速并撞上了一名在转弯时未打信号的骑自行车者，骑自行车者仍可能被视为部分过错。这可能导致骑自行车者因受伤而获得的赔偿很少甚至没有，尽管司机显然存在过失。总之，过失相抵是人身伤害法中一个复杂且常引发争议的方面。它需要仔细考虑事件中双方的行为。理解这一概念对于法律专业人士和普通人来说都是必不可少的，因为它直接影响到人身伤害案件中追求正义和公平赔偿的过程。随着社会的不断发展，过失相抵的解释和应用也将不断演变，塑造未来数年的人身伤害法领域。