perfect competition

简明释义

完全自由竞争

英英释义

例句

1.In a market characterized by perfect competition, all firms sell identical products.

在一个以完全竞争为特征的市场中，所有公司销售相同的产品。

2.A key feature of perfect competition is that there are no barriers to entry or exit in the market.

在完全竞争中，一个关键特征是市场没有进入或退出的障碍。

3.Farmers often operate in an environment of perfect competition, where no single farmer can influence market prices.

农民通常在完全竞争的环境中工作，在这种环境下，单个农民无法影响市场价格。

4.The theory of perfect competition assumes that there are many buyers and sellers in the market.

完全竞争理论假设市场上有许多买家和卖家。

5.In perfect competition, firms are price takers rather than price makers.

在完全竞争中，企业是价格接受者，而不是价格制定者。

作文

In the realm of economics, the concept of perfect competition is often regarded as an ideal market structure where numerous conditions are met to ensure that no single buyer or seller can influence the market price. This theoretical framework serves as a benchmark against which real-world markets can be compared. To understand perfect competition, we must first explore its key characteristics. Firstly, a market exhibiting perfect competition consists of a large number of buyers and sellers. Each participant is small relative to the overall market, meaning that their individual actions do not affect the market price. This abundance of participants ensures that the supply and demand dynamics operate freely without interference from any single entity. Secondly, products offered in a perfect competition market are homogeneous. This means that goods are identical in nature, leading consumers to perceive them as perfect substitutes. As a result, consumers will always choose the lowest-priced option available. This characteristic reinforces the idea that no single seller can charge a higher price than the market equilibrium price, as buyers will simply switch to a competitor. Another essential aspect of perfect competition is the assumption of perfect information. In this ideal scenario, all buyers and sellers have access to complete and accurate information regarding prices, quality, and availability of products. This transparency allows for informed decision-making, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently. Additionally, there are no barriers to entry or exit in a perfect competition market. New firms can enter the market freely when they identify profit opportunities, while existing firms can exit without significant costs if they are unable to sustain operations. This fluidity encourages innovation and responsiveness to consumer demands, ultimately benefiting society as a whole. The implications of perfect competition extend beyond theoretical discussions; they also provide insights into how real-world markets function. While few markets achieve this ideal state, many industries exhibit characteristics of perfect competition to varying degrees. For example, agricultural markets often come close to this model, as numerous farmers produce similar crops, and prices fluctuate based on supply and demand. However, it is important to recognize the limitations of perfect competition as a model. Real-world markets face various imperfections, such as monopolies, oligopolies, and externalities, which distort the ideal conditions of competition. These deviations can lead to inefficiencies, whereby resources are not allocated optimally, resulting in welfare losses for society. In conclusion, perfect competition serves as a fundamental concept in economic theory, providing a framework for understanding how markets can function efficiently. Although few markets achieve this ideal state, the principles underlying perfect competition offer valuable insights into the dynamics of supply and demand, pricing mechanisms, and the importance of competition in fostering innovation and consumer welfare. By studying perfect competition, economists can better analyze the complexities of real-world markets and advocate for policies that promote competitive practices, ultimately leading to improved economic outcomes for society at large.

在经济学领域，完全竞争的概念通常被视为一种理想的市场结构，在这种结构中，满足许多条件以确保没有单一买方或卖方能够影响市场价格。这个理论框架作为一个基准，用于将现实世界的市场进行比较。要理解完全竞争，我们首先需要探讨它的关键特征。首先，展现出完全竞争的市场由大量买家和卖家组成。每个参与者相对于整体市场来说都很小，这意味着他们的个体行为不会影响市场价格。这种参与者的丰富性确保了供需动态自由运作，而不受任何单一实体的干扰。其次，完全竞争市场中提供的产品是同质的。这意味着商品在性质上是相同的，导致消费者将其视为完美的替代品。因此，消费者总是会选择最低价的选项。这一特性强化了这样的理念：没有单一卖方可以收取高于市场均衡价格的价格，因为买方会简单地转向竞争对手。另一个完全竞争的基本方面是完美信息的假设。在这个理想的场景中，所有买方和卖方都能获得有关价格、质量和产品可用性的完整和准确的信息。这种透明度允许做出明智的决策，确保资源得到有效配置。此外，在完全竞争市场中没有进入或退出的障碍。当新公司发现利润机会时，可以自由进入市场，而现有公司如果无法维持运营，则可以在没有重大成本的情况下退出。这种流动性鼓励创新并对消费者需求做出反应，最终使整个社会受益。完全竞争的影响超越了理论讨论；它们还提供了对现实世界市场如何运作的洞察。虽然很少有市场能够达到这种理想状态，但许多行业在不同程度上表现出完全竞争的特征。例如，农业市场往往接近这一模型，因为众多农民生产相似的农作物，价格根据供需波动。然而，重要的是要认识到完全竞争作为模型的局限性。现实世界的市场面临各种不完善，例如垄断、寡头垄断和外部性，这些都会扭曲竞争的理想条件。这些偏差可能导致效率低下，从而导致资源未能最佳配置，给社会带来福利损失。总之，完全竞争作为经济理论中的一个基本概念，为理解市场如何高效运作提供了框架。尽管很少有市场能够达到这种理想状态，但完全竞争背后的原则为供需动态、定价机制以及竞争在促进创新和消费者福利中的重要性提供了宝贵的见解。通过研究完全竞争，经济学家可以更好地分析现实世界市场的复杂性，并倡导促进竞争实践的政策，最终为整个社会带来更好的经济结果。