perfect oligopoly

简明释义

完全寡断［不完全竞争的一种］

英英释义

例句

1.The telecommunications industry is often cited as an example of a perfect oligopoly where a few companies dominate the market.

电信行业常被视为一个完全寡头垄断的例子，几家公司主导市场。

2.In a perfect oligopoly, firms have significant control over prices due to limited competition.

在完全寡头垄断中，由于竞争有限，企业对价格有显著控制权。

3.In a perfect oligopoly, firms tend to engage in non-price competition to attract customers.

在完全寡头垄断中，企业倾向于通过非价格竞争来吸引客户。

4.The concept of perfect oligopoly helps economists analyze market behaviors in industries with few players.

完全寡头垄断的概念帮助经济学家分析少数参与者行业的市场行为。

5.Regulatory bodies often monitor perfect oligopoly markets to prevent collusion among firms.

监管机构通常会监控完全寡头垄断市场，以防止企业之间的串通。

作文

In the realm of economics, market structures play a critical role in determining how firms operate and compete. One such structure is an oligopoly, which is characterized by a small number of firms that dominate the market. When we delve deeper into this concept, we encounter the term perfect oligopoly, which refers to a situation where a few firms not only dominate the market but also produce identical or very similar products. This creates a unique environment where the actions of one firm can significantly impact the decisions of others. Understanding the dynamics of a perfect oligopoly is essential for analyzing various industries, particularly those that are heavily concentrated with a few key players.In a perfect oligopoly, firms are interdependent. This means that each firm's pricing and output decisions are closely linked to those of its competitors. For instance, if one firm decides to lower its prices, it can attract a significant portion of the market share, prompting rival firms to respond in kind. This interdependence can lead to price wars, where firms continuously undercut each other in an attempt to gain a competitive edge. However, it can also lead to tacit collusion, where firms avoid competing aggressively on price and instead focus on maintaining stable prices to maximize collective profits.Another important aspect of a perfect oligopoly is the barriers to entry that exist within the market. These barriers can be high, making it difficult for new firms to enter and compete. Factors such as high capital requirements, strong brand loyalty, and access to distribution channels can all serve as obstacles for potential entrants. As a result, the existing firms are able to maintain their market power and profitability over time.One classic example of a perfect oligopoly can be found in the airline industry. A limited number of airlines dominate the market, and they often offer similar services and routes. The pricing strategies employed by these airlines are closely monitored by their competitors. If one airline offers a promotional fare, others typically follow suit, demonstrating the interdependent nature of their decision-making. Additionally, the high costs associated with entering the airline market—such as purchasing aircraft and obtaining regulatory approvals—create significant barriers for new entrants.While the concept of a perfect oligopoly helps us understand certain market behaviors, it is important to recognize that real-world markets often exhibit imperfections. Firms may differentiate their products to create a competitive advantage, leading to a more complex market structure known as a differentiated oligopoly. Furthermore, government regulations and consumer preferences can influence how firms behave within an oligopolistic market.In conclusion, the term perfect oligopoly encapsulates a specific type of market structure characterized by a small number of firms producing similar products, where each firm's decisions are influenced by the actions of its competitors. This interdependence creates a unique competitive landscape that can lead to both aggressive pricing strategies and cooperative behavior among firms. Understanding the nuances of a perfect oligopoly is vital for anyone looking to analyze market dynamics and the behavior of firms within concentrated industries. As we continue to study economic structures, the lessons learned from perfect oligopoly scenarios can provide valuable insights into the complexities of competition and collaboration in the marketplace.

在经济学领域，市场结构在决定企业如何运作和竞争方面发挥着关键作用。一个这样的结构是寡头垄断，其特点是少数几家企业主导市场。当我们深入探讨这一概念时，会遇到术语完美寡头垄断，它指的是一种情况，其中少数几家公司不仅主导市场，而且生产相同或非常相似的产品。这创造了一个独特的环境，其中一个公司的行为可以显著影响其他公司的决策。理解完美寡头垄断的动态对于分析各种行业至关重要，特别是那些由少数关键参与者高度集中控制的行业。在完美寡头垄断中，企业是相互依赖的。这意味着每个公司的定价和产出决策与其竞争对手密切相关。例如，如果一家公司决定降低价格，它可能会吸引大量市场份额，从而促使竞争对手做出相应反应。这种相互依赖可能导致价格战，企业不断削价以试图获得竞争优势。然而，它也可能导致默契合谋，企业避免在价格上进行激烈竞争，而是专注于维持稳定的价格，以最大化集体利润。完美寡头垄断的另一个重要方面是市场中存在的进入壁垒。这些壁垒可能很高，使得新公司难以进入并竞争。高资本要求、强大的品牌忠诚度以及获取分销渠道的能力等因素都可以成为潜在进入者的障碍。因此，现有企业能够维持其市场力量和长期盈利能力。航空业是完美寡头垄断的经典例子。有限数量的航空公司主导市场，通常提供类似的服务和航线。这些航空公司采用的定价策略受到竞争对手的密切关注。如果一家航空公司提供促销票价，其他公司通常会紧随其后，这表明了它们决策的相互依赖性。此外，进入航空市场所需的高成本——如购买飞机和获得监管批准——为新进入者创造了显著的障碍。虽然完美寡头垄断的概念帮助我们理解某些市场行为，但重要的是要认识到现实世界的市场往往表现出不完美。企业可能会通过差异化其产品来创造竞争优势，从而导致一种更复杂的市场结构，称为差异化寡头垄断。此外，政府法规和消费者偏好也会影响企业在寡头垄断市场中的行为。总之，术语完美寡头垄断概括了一种特定类型的市场结构，其特点是少数几家公司生产相似产品，其中每个公司的决策受到竞争对手行为的影响。这种相互依赖创造了一个独特的竞争环境，可能导致激进的定价策略和企业之间的合作行为。理解完美寡头垄断的细微差别对于任何希望分析市场动态和集中行业内企业行为的人来说都是至关重要的。在我们继续研究经济结构的过程中，从完美寡头垄断场景中学到的经验教训可以为我们提供有关市场中竞争与合作复杂性的宝贵见解。