extraneous variable; outside variable

简明释义

外部变量，外部变数

英英释义

例句

1.Researchers must control for extraneous variables 外部变量 to ensure that their findings are valid.

研究人员必须控制外部变量 extraneous variables，以确保他们的发现是有效的。

2.To isolate the effect of a new drug, researchers need to eliminate any extraneous variables 外部变量 that could skew the data.

为了隔离新药的效果，研究人员需要消除任何可能扭曲数据的外部变量 extraneous variables。

3.In clinical trials, patient age can be an extraneous variable 外部变量 that influences the effectiveness of the treatment.

在临床试验中，患者年龄可能是一个外部变量 extraneous variable，影响治疗效果。

4.In a study measuring the effects of sleep on test performance, an extraneous variable 外部变量 could be the participants' caffeine intake.

在一项测量睡眠对考试表现影响的研究中，一个外部变量 extraneous variable 可能是参与者的咖啡因摄入量。

5.When studying the impact of exercise on mood, weather conditions can be an extraneous variable 外部变量 that affects results.

在研究运动对情绪的影响时，天气条件可能是一个外部变量 extraneous variable，会影响结果。

作文

In the field of research, particularly in psychology and social sciences, understanding the concept of extraneous variable is crucial for ensuring the validity of an experiment. An extraneous variable, or outside variable, refers to any factor other than the independent variable that might affect the dependent variable. These variables can introduce noise into the data, making it difficult to draw accurate conclusions from the results. For instance, if a researcher is studying the impact of sleep on academic performance, factors such as diet, exercise, and stress levels could all serve as extraneous variables. If not controlled, these outside variables could skew the results, leading to erroneous interpretations about the relationship between sleep and performance.Controlling for extraneous variables is essential for achieving reliable outcomes. Researchers often employ various methods to minimize the influence of these outside variables. Randomization is one such method; by randomly assigning participants to different groups, researchers can help ensure that extraneous variables are evenly distributed across those groups. This way, any observed effects can more confidently be attributed to the independent variable rather than confounding influences.Another common strategy is the use of control groups. By having a group that does not receive the treatment or intervention, researchers can compare outcomes and better isolate the effects of the independent variable. This comparison allows them to identify the impact of extraneous variables and determine whether they have influenced the results.Furthermore, researchers should also consider conducting pilot studies to identify potential extraneous variables before the main study. A pilot study allows the researcher to test their procedures and identify any unforeseen outside variables that may need to be controlled. This preliminary step can save time and resources in the long run, enhancing the overall quality of the research.In conclusion, the significance of extraneous variables in research cannot be overstated. They are factors that can cloud the clarity of experimental results and lead to misleading conclusions. By recognizing the potential impact of these outside variables and implementing strategies to control for them, researchers can enhance the validity and reliability of their findings. Ultimately, understanding and managing extraneous variables is a fundamental aspect of conducting rigorous scientific research that contributes valuable insights to our understanding of complex phenomena.

在研究领域，特别是心理学和社会科学中，理解外部变量的概念对于确保实验的有效性至关重要。外部变量，或称为外在变量，指的是任何除了自变量之外可能影响因变量的因素。这些变量可以引入数据中的噪音，使得从结果中得出准确结论变得困难。例如，如果研究者正在研究睡眠对学业表现的影响，饮食、锻炼和压力水平等因素都可能作为外部变量。如果不加以控制，这些外在变量可能会扭曲结果，导致对睡眠与表现之间关系的错误解读。控制外部变量对于实现可靠的结果至关重要。研究者通常采用各种方法来最小化这些外在变量的影响。随机化就是一种方法；通过随机分配参与者到不同组，研究人员可以帮助确保外部变量在这些组中均匀分布。这样，观察到的效果可以更有信心地归因于自变量，而不是混杂影响。另一个常见策略是使用对照组。通过设立一个不接受处理或干预的组，研究者可以比较结果，更好地隔离自变量的影响。这种比较使他们能够识别外部变量的影响，并确定它们是否影响了结果。此外，研究者还应考虑进行初步研究，以识别主要研究之前可能存在的外部变量。初步研究允许研究者测试他们的程序并识别任何未预见的外在变量，这些变量可能需要被控制。这一步骤可以节省时间和资源，从长远来看，提高研究的整体质量。总之，外部变量在研究中的重要性不容小觑。它们是可能模糊实验结果清晰度并导致误导性结论的因素。通过认识到这些外在变量的潜在影响并实施控制策略，研究者可以增强其发现的有效性和可靠性。最终，理解和管理外部变量是进行严谨科学研究的基本方面，有助于我们对复杂现象的理解提供有价值的见解。