penology

简明释义

英[piːˈnɒlədʒi;pɪˈnɒlədʒi]美[piːˈnɑːlədʒiˌpɪˈnɑːlədʒi]

n. [法] 监狱管理学；刑罚学

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The inmate classification system is crucial principle for modern prison administration as well as the key subjects of research on penology.

罪犯分类制度是近代监狱管理的重要原则，也是监狱理论的核心研究课题。

2.The inmate classification system is crucial principle for modern prison administration as well as the key subjects of research on penology.

罪犯分类制度是近代监狱管理的重要原则，也是监狱理论的核心研究课题。

3.Attempt of crime is a point of importance to research for the penology circle and there exist many different viewpoints at home and abroad.

犯罪未遂是刑法学界研究的一个重点，国内外存在有很多不同观点。

4.In a wide sense of the word, criminology includes penology.

从广义上讲，犯罪学包括刑罚学。

5.Death penalty reprieve, in the sense of penology cannot be deemed a sort of alternative.

死缓不是刑罚种类意义上的死刑替代措施；

6.The government has implemented new policies based on recent findings in penology.

政府根据最近的刑罚学研究结果实施了新政策。

7.Many universities offer courses in penology to prepare students for careers in criminal justice.

许多大学提供刑罚学课程，以为学生准备刑事司法领域的职业。

8.Experts in penology argue that punishment should focus more on rehabilitation than retribution.

在刑罚学领域的专家认为，惩罚应更多关注康复而非报复。

9.The study of penology is essential for understanding the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

对刑罚学的研究对理解康复项目的有效性至关重要。

10.A significant aspect of penology is the analysis of recidivism rates among released prisoners.

在刑罚学中，一个重要方面是分析释放囚犯的再犯率。

作文

Penology, derived from the Greek word 'penos' meaning punishment, is a branch of criminology that focuses on the study of punishment and its effectiveness as a means of social control. The field examines various aspects of punishment, including its historical evolution, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications in modern justice systems. In recent years, the importance of penology (惩罚学) has grown as societies grapple with the challenges of crime and the need for effective rehabilitation of offenders.Historically, punishment has taken many forms, from corporal punishment in ancient civilizations to the more structured penal systems we see today. The shift from physical punishment to incarceration reflects a broader societal change towards understanding the root causes of criminal behavior. This evolution is a significant focus within penology (惩罚学), as scholars seek to understand how different punishment methods impact recidivism rates and societal reintegration.One of the key debates in penology (惩罚学) is the balance between punishment and rehabilitation. Proponents of rehabilitation argue that addressing the underlying issues that lead to criminal behavior—such as poverty, lack of education, and mental health issues—can reduce recidivism and promote social reintegration. Conversely, advocates for punitive measures often argue that strict penalties serve as a deterrent to potential offenders and uphold societal norms. This ongoing debate highlights the complexity of penology (惩罚学) and the need for a multifaceted approach to criminal justice.In contemporary society, the effectiveness of various punishment strategies is under scrutiny. For instance, mandatory minimum sentences and three-strike laws have been criticized for contributing to overcrowded prisons without significantly reducing crime rates. In response, many experts in penology (惩罚学) advocate for alternatives to incarceration, such as restorative justice programs that focus on repairing harm and involving victims in the healing process. These approaches not only aim to rehabilitate offenders but also to restore community ties and address the needs of victims.Moreover, the rise of technology in the justice system presents new opportunities and challenges for penology (惩罚学). Electronic monitoring and virtual rehabilitation programs are becoming increasingly common, allowing for more flexible responses to offending behavior. However, these advancements also raise ethical questions about surveillance and the potential for discrimination against marginalized communities.Another critical aspect of penology (惩罚学) is the examination of the socio-political factors that influence punishment policies. Issues such as race, class, and gender play significant roles in how individuals experience the justice system. Research shows that marginalized groups often face harsher penalties and greater barriers to rehabilitation. Understanding these disparities is essential for developing fair and effective punishment strategies.In conclusion, penology (惩罚学) is a vital field that encompasses the study of punishment and its implications for society. As we continue to navigate the complexities of crime and justice, it is crucial to engage with the principles of penology (惩罚学) to create a more just and effective system. By focusing on rehabilitation, addressing systemic inequalities, and adapting to technological advancements, we can work towards a future where punishment serves not only to deter crime but also to heal individuals and communities alike.

惩罚学源于希腊语单词“penos”，意为惩罚，是犯罪学的一个分支，专注于研究惩罚及其作为社会控制手段的有效性。该领域考察惩罚的各个方面，包括其历史演变、理论框架和现代司法系统中的实际应用。近年来，随着社会在应对犯罪挑战和有效恢复罪犯方面的努力，惩罚学的重要性日益突出。历史上，惩罚采取了多种形式，从古代文明中的肉体惩罚到我们今天所看到的更为结构化的刑罚系统。这种从肉体惩罚转向监禁的转变反映了更广泛的社会变化，理解导致犯罪行为的根本原因。这种演变是惩罚学的重要关注点，因为学者们试图理解不同惩罚方法如何影响再犯率和社会再融入。在惩罚学中，一个关键的辩论是惩罚与康复之间的平衡。康复的支持者认为，解决导致犯罪行为的根本问题——如贫困、缺乏教育和心理健康问题——可以减少再犯并促进社会再融入。相反，主张惩罚措施的人则常常认为，严格的惩罚可以对潜在罪犯形成威慑，并维护社会规范。这场持续的辩论突显了惩罚学的复杂性，以及对刑事司法采取多层面方法的必要性。在当代社会，各种惩罚策略的有效性正受到审视。例如，强制最低刑期和三次犯罪法因造成监狱过度拥挤而受到批评，但未能显著降低犯罪率。对此，许多惩罚学的专家提倡替代监禁的方法，如恢复性司法项目，旨在修复伤害并让受害者参与治愈过程。这些方法不仅旨在恢复罪犯，还希望恢复社区联系，满足受害者的需求。此外，科技在司法系统中的兴起为惩罚学带来了新的机遇和挑战。电子监控和虚拟康复程序变得越来越普遍，使对犯罪行为的响应更加灵活。然而，这些进步也引发了关于监视和对边缘化社区歧视的伦理问题。惩罚学的另一个关键方面是考察影响惩罚政策的社会政治因素。种族、阶级和性别等问题在个人经历司法系统时发挥着重要作用。研究表明，边缘化群体往往面临更严厉的惩罚和更大的康复障碍。理解这些差异对于制定公平有效的惩罚策略至关重要。总之，惩罚学是一个重要领域，涵盖了惩罚及其对社会影响的研究。随着我们继续应对犯罪和司法的复杂性，参与惩罚学的原则对于创建一个更公正和有效的系统至关重要。通过关注康复、解决系统性不平等和适应技术进步，我们可以朝着一个惩罚不仅能威慑犯罪，还能治愈个人和社区的未来迈进。