astrocytes

简明释义

英[ˈæstrəʊsaɪts]美[ˈæstroʊsaɪts]

n. [解剖]星形胶质细胞（astrocyte 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.The activation of astrocytes help ischemic brain repair and prevent from injury.

而星形胶质细胞的激活支持和保护大脑免受脑缺血损伤。

2.On the other hand, there are many pleomorphic astrocytes in hypercellular areas.

相反，在细胞丰富的区域，有许多多形性星形细胞。

3.So far, astrocytes were mainly thought to aid nerve cells - for example by supporting them or by promoting the maturation of synapses.

目前为止，人们认为星形胶质细胞主要是帮助神经细胞，例如，支持神经细胞或促进突触成熟。

4.The response of astrocytes decreased with the recovery of the colonic inflammation.

随着结肠炎的恢复，星形胶质细胞的反应性下降。

5.AIM: to explore the response of astrocytes in rat hypothalamus to sleep deprivation of different time period.

目的探索不同时段睡眠剥夺后大鼠下丘脑内星形胶质细胞的反应。

6.Epileptic discharge, in turn, triggers a second activation of astrocytes that may favour seizure propagation.

癫痫放电促使星形细胞瘤第二次激活，这可能会使癫痫扩散。

7.Research indicates that astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 can influence synaptic transmission and plasticity.

研究表明，星形胶质细胞可以影响突触传递和可塑性。

8.In neurodegenerative diseases, the function of astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 is often compromised, leading to further neuronal damage.

在神经退行性疾病中，星形胶质细胞的功能常常受到损害，导致进一步的神经元损伤。

9.The interaction between neurons and astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 is essential for proper brain function.

神经元与星形胶质细胞之间的相互作用对大脑的正常功能至关重要。

10.Recent studies have shown that astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 play a crucial role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier.

最近的研究表明，星形胶质细胞在维持血脑屏障中起着关键作用。

11.Inflammation in the brain can lead to the activation of astrocytes 星形胶质细胞, which may exacerbate neurological conditions.

大脑中的炎症可能导致星形胶质细胞的激活，这可能加重神经系统疾病。

作文

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell found in the brain and spinal cord, and they play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of neurons. These star-shaped cells, which are named for their star-like appearance, are involved in various essential processes that support the central nervous system (CNS). One of the primary functions of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) is to provide structural support to neurons. They form a scaffold that helps maintain the architecture of the brain, ensuring that neurons are properly positioned and connected to one another. This structural integrity is vital for effective communication between neurons, which is necessary for all brain functions, from basic reflexes to complex cognitive processes.In addition to providing structural support, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) also regulate the extracellular environment around neurons. They help maintain the balance of ions, such as potassium and sodium, which is essential for the generation of action potentials in neurons. By controlling the concentration of these ions, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) ensure that neurons can fire correctly and transmit signals efficiently. Furthermore, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) are involved in the uptake and recycling of neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers that neurons use to communicate. For example, after neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) can absorb excess neurotransmitters like glutamate, preventing excitotoxicity, which can lead to neuronal damage or death.Another critical role of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) is their involvement in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances while allowing essential nutrients to pass through. Astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) contribute to the formation and maintenance of this barrier by releasing signaling molecules that influence the tight junctions between endothelial cells in the blood vessels of the brain. This function highlights the importance of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) not only in supporting neuronal health but also in safeguarding the brain's environment.Moreover, recent research has indicated that astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) may also play a role in neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. This process is crucial for learning and memory, as well as recovery from brain injuries. Astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) release various growth factors that can promote the survival and growth of neurons, suggesting that they are active participants in shaping neural circuits.Despite their essential roles, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) have often been overlooked in neuroscience research, with a predominant focus on neurons. However, the understanding of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) has evolved significantly in recent years, revealing their multifaceted contributions to brain health and disease. Dysfunction of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. As we continue to explore the complexities of the brain, it is clear that astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) are indispensable players in the intricate network of cellular interactions that sustain our cognitive abilities and overall brain function. In conclusion, understanding the diverse roles of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) is vital for advancing our knowledge of the brain and developing potential therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.

星形胶质细胞是一种存在于大脑和脊髓中的胶质细胞，它们在维持神经元的健康和功能方面起着至关重要的作用。这些星形细胞因其星状外观而得名，参与支持中枢神经系统（CNS）的各种基本过程。星形胶质细胞的主要功能之一是为神经元提供结构支持。它们形成一个支架，帮助维持大脑的结构，确保神经元被正确定位并相互连接。这种结构完整性对于神经元之间有效的通信至关重要，这对于从基本反射到复杂的认知过程的所有大脑功能都是必要的。除了提供结构支持外，星形胶质细胞还调节神经元周围的细胞外环境。它们帮助维持离子（如钾和钠）的平衡，这对神经元生成动作电位至关重要。通过控制这些离子的浓度，星形胶质细胞确保神经元能够正确发放并高效传递信号。此外，星形胶质细胞还参与神经递质的摄取和回收，神经递质是神经元用来进行通信的化学信使。例如，在神经递质释放到突触间隙后，星形胶质细胞可以吸收多余的神经递质，如谷氨酸，防止兴奋性毒性，这可能导致神经元损伤或死亡。星形胶质细胞的另一个关键角色是参与血脑屏障（BBB）。血脑屏障是一种选择性通透屏障，保护大脑免受有害物质的侵害，同时允许必需的营养物质通过。星形胶质细胞通过释放信号分子影响大脑血管内皮细胞之间的紧密连接，从而有助于形成和维持这一屏障。这一功能突显了星形胶质细胞在支持神经元健康和保护大脑环境方面的重要性。此外，最近的研究表明，星形胶质细胞可能还在神经可塑性中发挥作用，即大脑通过形成新的神经连接而重新组织自身的能力。这个过程对于学习和记忆以及从脑损伤中恢复至关重要。星形胶质细胞释放各种生长因子，可以促进神经元的存活和生长，这表明它们是塑造神经电路的积极参与者。尽管星形胶质细胞在神经科学研究中常常被忽视，研究主要集中在神经元上，但近年来对星形胶质细胞的理解发生了重大变化，揭示了它们对大脑健康和疾病的多方面贡献。星形胶质细胞的功能失调与多种神经系统疾病有关，包括阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化症和癫痫。随着我们继续探索大脑的复杂性，显然星形胶质细胞是维持我们认知能力和整体大脑功能所需的细胞互动网络中不可或缺的参与者。总之，了解星形胶质细胞的多样角色对于推进我们对大脑的知识和开发潜在的神经疾病治疗策略至关重要。