cytochromes

简明释义

英[/ˈsaɪ.təˌkroʊmz/]美[/ˈsaɪ.təˌkroʊmz/]

n. [生化]细胞色素（cytochrome 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In nature, the majority of metalloporphyrins are conjugated to proteins to form a number of very important molecules, such as the cytochromes.

在自然界中，大多数金属卟啉与蛋白质结合形成许多重要的分子，如细胞色素。

2.Cytochromes can be detected by their spectral characteristics.

细胞色素可通过其光谱特性检测。

3.Object; To explore the influence on liver cytochromes P450 by co- administration of piperine and glycyrrhizic acid in rat.

目的：研究胡椒配伍甘草使用对大鼠肝细胞色素P450的影响。

4.In nature, the majority of metalloporphyrins are conjugated to proteins to form a number of very important molecules, such as the cytochromes.

在自然界中，大多数金属卟啉与蛋白质结合形成许多重要的分子，如细胞色素。

5.The electron transport chain relies heavily on cytochromes for energy production.

电子传递链在能量生产中严重依赖于细胞色素。

6.Mutations in genes coding for cytochromes can affect drug metabolism.

编码细胞色素的基因突变可能会影响药物代谢。

7.Deficiencies in certain cytochromes can lead to metabolic disorders.

某些细胞色素的缺乏可能导致代谢障碍。

8.Researchers are investigating how cytochromes interact with environmental toxins.

研究人员正在调查细胞色素如何与环境毒素相互作用。

9.The study focused on the role of cytochromes in cellular respiration.

这项研究集中于细胞色素在细胞呼吸中的作用。

作文

Cytochromes are essential proteins found in the cells of living organisms. They play a crucial role in the electron transport chain, which is a series of complexes that help in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process occurs in the mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. The term cytochromes refers to a group of heme-containing proteins that can undergo oxidation and reduction reactions due to their unique iron-containing heme groups. These proteins are vital for cellular respiration, as they facilitate the transfer of electrons derived from nutrients to oxygen, ultimately generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.One of the most well-studied types of cytochromes is cytochrome c, which is a small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Cytochrome c plays an integral role in the electron transport chain by transferring electrons between complex III and complex IV. This transfer is critical for maintaining the flow of electrons, which is necessary for the continuation of ATP synthesis. In addition to their role in energy production, cytochromes also participate in various metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of drugs and toxins in the liver.The significance of cytochromes extends beyond just energy production. They are involved in the detoxification processes within the body, particularly in the liver. Here, specific cytochromes, such as cytochrome P450, play a key role in the metabolism of pharmaceutical drugs. These enzymes help convert lipophilic chemical compounds into more hydrophilic products, making them easier to excrete from the body. Understanding the function of cytochromes in drug metabolism is crucial for pharmacology, as it helps predict how different individuals may respond to medications based on their unique genetic makeup.Moreover, cytochromes are also important in the context of environmental science. Certain bacteria utilize cytochromes in their respiratory processes to reduce metal ions, which can be harnessed for bioremediation purposes. This application demonstrates the versatility of cytochromes in both biological and ecological systems.In conclusion, cytochromes are indispensable components of cellular function that contribute to energy production, drug metabolism, and environmental processes. Their ability to facilitate electron transfer makes them central players in biochemical reactions, underscoring their importance in both health and disease. As research continues to uncover the complexities of cytochromes, we gain a deeper appreciation for their roles in sustaining life and their potential applications in medicine and environmental science.

细胞色素是存在于生物体细胞中的重要蛋白质。它们在电子传递链中起着至关重要的作用，电子传递链是一系列帮助产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）——细胞能量货币的复合体。这个过程发生在细胞的线粒体中，线粒体通常被称为细胞的动力源。术语细胞色素指的是一组含有血红素的蛋白质，它们由于其独特的含铁血红素基团，能够经历氧化和还原反应。这些蛋白质对细胞呼吸至关重要，因为它们促进从营养物质中获得的电子向氧的转移，最终通过氧化磷酸化生成ATP。最广为研究的细胞色素类型之一是细胞色素c，这是一种小型血红素蛋白，松散地与线粒体的内膜结合。细胞色素c在电子传递链中发挥着重要作用，通过在复合体III和复合体IV之间转移电子。这种转移对于维持电子流动至关重要，而电子流动又是ATP合成持续进行所必需的。除了在能量生产中的作用外，细胞色素还参与各种代谢途径，包括肝脏中的药物和毒素代谢。细胞色素的重要性不仅仅局限于能量生产。它们还参与体内的解毒过程，特别是在肝脏中。在这里，特定的细胞色素，如细胞色素P450，在药物代谢中发挥关键作用。这些酶帮助将亲脂性化合物转化为更亲水性的产物，从而使其更容易从体内排出。了解细胞色素在药物代谢中的功能对于药理学至关重要，因为它有助于预测不同个体可能如何根据其独特的遗传构成对药物作出反应。此外，细胞色素在环境科学中也很重要。某些细菌利用细胞色素在其呼吸过程中还原金属离子，这可以被用于生物修复目的。这一应用展示了细胞色素在生物和生态系统中的多样性。总之，细胞色素是细胞功能不可或缺的组成部分，对能量生产、药物代谢和环境过程做出了贡献。它们促进电子转移的能力使它们成为生化反应中的核心参与者，强调了它们在健康和疾病中的重要性。随着研究不断揭示细胞色素的复杂性，我们对它们在维持生命中的作用及其在医学和环境科学中的潜在应用有了更深刻的理解。