sovkhoz

简明释义

英[ˈsɒv.khoʊz]美[ˈsɒv.khoʊz]

n. （俄）国营农场

复 数 s o v k h o z 或 s o v k h o z e s 或 s o v k h o z y

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Many workers were employed at the sovkhoz during the Soviet era.

在苏联时期，许多工人在苏维埃国营农场工作。

2.The government established a new sovkhoz to increase agricultural production.

政府建立了一个新的苏维埃国营农场以提高农业生产。

3.The sovkhoz produced a variety of crops, including wheat and potatoes.

这个苏维埃国营农场生产了多种作物，包括小麦和土豆。

4.Life on the sovkhoz was often challenging due to harsh weather conditions.

由于恶劣的天气条件，生活在苏维埃国营农场上往往很艰难。

5.The workers at the sovkhoz shared their resources and worked together.

在苏维埃国营农场工作的工人们共享资源并共同合作。

作文

The term sovkhoz refers to a type of state-owned farm that was established in the Soviet Union. These farms were created as part of the collectivization process, which aimed to consolidate individual landholdings and labor into collective farms. The concept of sovkhoz is essential for understanding the agricultural policies of the Soviet era and their impact on rural life. Unlike collective farms, or kolkhozes, which were run by the farmers themselves, sovkhozes were managed directly by the state. This meant that workers on sovkhozes were paid wages rather than receiving a share of the produce, which significantly altered the dynamics of agricultural production.In the early years of the Soviet Union, the government sought to increase agricultural output to support rapid industrialization. The establishment of sovkhoz was one way to achieve this goal. By controlling large tracts of land, the state could implement modern farming techniques and ensure that agricultural production met the demands of the growing urban population. This centralization of agriculture was seen as a way to eliminate the inefficiencies associated with small-scale farming and to promote the socialist ideals of collective ownership.However, the reality of sovkhoz life was often harsh. Workers faced demanding quotas and were subjected to the whims of bureaucratic management. While they received regular wages, the lack of personal investment in the land led to lower motivation and productivity compared to their counterparts in kolkhozes, where farmers had a direct stake in the success of their work. This discrepancy became evident as the Soviet agricultural sector struggled to keep pace with the needs of its citizens.The legacy of sovkhoz extends beyond the borders of the former Soviet Union. Many of the practices and policies developed during this period continue to influence agricultural systems in post-Soviet states. Today, some regions still grapple with the consequences of the centralized farming model that sovkhoz epitomized. The transition to more market-oriented agricultural practices has been slow and fraught with challenges, as many farmers attempt to navigate the remnants of a system that prioritized state control over individual initiative.In conclusion, understanding the concept of sovkhoz is crucial for anyone studying Soviet history or the evolution of agricultural practices in Eastern Europe. It serves as a reminder of the complexities of state intervention in agriculture and the long-lasting effects of such policies on rural communities. The story of sovkhoz is not just about farming; it reflects broader themes of governance, economic planning, and the interplay between individual agency and state authority. As we look back on this aspect of history, we can gain insights into the challenges and opportunities that arise when agriculture is viewed through the lens of political ideology.

“sovkhoz”一词指的是苏联时期建立的一种国有农场。这些农场是作为集体化过程的一部分而创建的，旨在将个人土地和劳动力整合到集体农场中。理解“sovkhoz”的概念对于理解苏联时代的农业政策及其对农村生活的影响至关重要。与由农民自己经营的集体农场（kolkhoz）不同，“sovkhoz”由国家直接管理。这意味着在“sovkhoz”工作的工人是领取工资，而不是获得生产的份额，这显著改变了农业生产的动态。在苏联早期，政府寻求增加农业产出，以支持快速工业化。建立“sovkhoz”是实现这一目标的一种方式。通过控制大块土地，国家可以实施现代农业技术，确保农业生产满足不断增长的城市人口的需求。这种农业的集中化被视为消除小规模农业效率低下的一种方法，并促进社会主义的集体所有制理想。然而，“sovkhoz”的生活现实往往是严酷的。工人面临苛刻的配额，并受到官僚管理的影响。虽然他们领取固定工资，但缺乏对土地的个人投资导致与在kolkhoz中工作的农民相比，动机和生产率较低。在kolkhoz中，农民对自己工作的成功有直接的利益关系，这种差异在苏联农业部门努力满足公民需求时变得显而易见。“sovkhoz”的遗产超越了前苏联的边界。在这一时期发展起来的许多做法和政策继续影响后苏联国家的农业系统。今天，一些地区仍在努力应对“sovkhoz”所象征的集中农业模式的后果。向更市场导向的农业实践的过渡缓慢且充满挑战，因为许多农民试图在一个优先考虑国家控制而非个人主动性的体系的残余中找到出路。总之，理解“sovkhoz”的概念对于任何研究苏联历史或东欧农业实践演变的人来说都是至关重要的。它提醒我们国家干预农业的复杂性，以及这种政策对农村社区的长期影响。“sovkhoz”的故事不仅仅是关于农业的，它反映了治理、经济规划以及个人能动性与国家权威之间相互作用的更广泛主题。当我们回顾历史的这一方面时，我们可以获得有关当农业通过政治意识形态的视角来看待时所产生的挑战和机遇的洞察。