income effect

简明释义

收入效益，收入效应

英英释义

例句

1.A decrease in taxes can create a favorable income effect 收入效应 for households, increasing their spending power.

税收减少可以为家庭创造一个有利的收入效应收入效应，增加他们的消费能力。

2.When the price of a good decreases, consumers experience a positive income effect 收入效应 that allows them to purchase more.

当商品价格下降时，消费者经历了积极的收入效应收入效应，使他们能够购买更多。

3.The income effect 收入效应 often works alongside the substitution effect when prices change.

当价格变化时，收入效应收入效应通常与替代效应一起发挥作用。

4.The income effect 收入效应 can lead to an increase in demand for luxury goods when people's income rises.

当人们的收入上升时，收入效应收入效应可能导致奢侈品需求增加。

5.In economics, the income effect 收入效应 explains how changes in real income affect consumer behavior.

在经济学中，收入效应收入效应解释了实际收入变化如何影响消费者行为。

作文

The concept of the income effect plays a crucial role in understanding consumer behavior and demand theory in economics. It refers to the change in the quantity demanded of a good or service resulting from a change in a consumer's income, holding prices constant. When a consumer's income increases, they can afford to buy more goods and services, which typically leads to an increase in the quantity demanded of normal goods. Conversely, if their income decreases, the quantity demanded for these goods may decline. This relationship is fundamental to grasping how consumers make purchasing decisions based on their financial situation.To illustrate the income effect, consider a simple example involving two goods: apples and oranges. Suppose a consumer has a monthly income of $100, allowing them to purchase either 10 apples at $1 each or 20 oranges at $0.50 each. If this consumer receives a raise and their income increases to $150, they now have the ability to buy more of both fruits. The income effect suggests that with additional income, the consumer might choose to buy 15 apples and 30 oranges instead. This change in consumption patterns reflects their increased purchasing power and preference for these goods.However, it is important to note that the income effect does not apply uniformly across all products. For example, luxury goods often experience a more significant increase in demand when consumer income rises, while inferior goods may see a decrease in demand. Inferior goods are those that consumers tend to buy less of as their income increases, such as generic brands or second-hand items. Understanding these distinctions is vital for businesses and policymakers alike, as they can influence market strategies and economic policies.In addition to the direct impact on consumption, the income effect also interacts with the price effect, which describes how changes in the price of a good affect its quantity demanded. When the price of a good decreases, for instance, consumers can afford to buy more of it even if their income remains unchanged. This phenomenon can lead to a combined effect where both the price and income changes influence consumer choices. Analyzing these interactions helps economists predict how shifts in income levels or prices can alter market dynamics.Furthermore, the income effect is not only relevant to individual consumers but also has broader implications for the economy. Changes in overall income levels within a population can drive economic growth or contraction. For instance, during periods of economic expansion, rising incomes can lead to increased consumer spending, stimulating production and job creation. Conversely, during recessions, falling incomes can result in reduced demand, leading to layoffs and business closures. Understanding this cycle is essential for effective economic policy-making.In conclusion, the income effect is a foundational concept in economics that helps explain how changes in income influence consumer behavior and demand. By recognizing the significance of this effect, individuals and businesses can make informed decisions regarding their purchases and strategies. Additionally, policymakers can utilize insights from the income effect to develop measures that promote economic stability and growth. Ultimately, mastering the income effect enriches our understanding of the complex interplay between income, consumption, and economic health.

“收入效应”这一概念在理解消费者行为和经济学中的需求理论中起着至关重要的作用。它指的是由于消费者收入的变化而导致的某种商品或服务需求量的变化，价格保持不变。当消费者的收入增加时，他们可以购买更多的商品和服务，这通常会导致正常商品的需求量增加。相反，如果他们的收入减少，这些商品的需求量可能会下降。这种关系对于理解消费者如何根据自身的财务状况做出购买决策是至关重要的。为了说明“收入效应”，我们考虑一个简单的例子，涉及两种商品：苹果和橙子。假设一个消费者每月收入为100美元，可以购买10个1美元的苹果或20个0.50美元的橙子。如果这个消费者获得加薪，收入增加到150美元，那么他们现在有能力购买更多的水果。“收入效应”表明，随着收入的增加，消费者可能会选择购买15个苹果和30个橙子。这种消费模式的变化反映了他们购买力的提高以及对这些商品的偏好。然而，需要注意的是，“收入效应”并不是均匀地适用于所有产品。例如，当消费者收入上升时，奢侈品往往会经历更显著的需求增加，而劣质商品的需求可能会减少。劣质商品是指那些消费者在收入增加时倾向于购买较少的商品，例如普通品牌或二手商品。理解这些区别对企业和政策制定者来说至关重要，因为它们可以影响市场策略和经济政策。除了对消费的直接影响外，“收入效应”还与价格效应相互作用，后者描述了商品价格变化如何影响其需求量。例如，当某种商品的价格下降时，即使其收入保持不变，消费者也能够购买更多。这种现象可能导致一种综合效应，其中价格和收入的变化共同影响消费者的选择。分析这些相互作用有助于经济学家预测收入水平或价格的变化如何改变市场动态。此外，“收入效应”不仅与个别消费者相关，还对经济有更广泛的影响。总体收入水平的变化可以推动经济增长或收缩。例如，在经济扩张期间，收入上升可能导致消费者支出增加，从而刺激生产和就业创造。相反，在经济衰退期间，收入下降可能导致需求减少，从而导致裁员和企业关闭。理解这一周期对于有效的经济政策制定至关重要。总之，“收入效应”是经济学中的一个基础概念，它帮助解释收入变化如何影响消费者行为和需求。通过认识到这一效应的重要性，个人和企业可以就其购买和战略做出明智的决策。此外，政策制定者可以利用“收入效应”的见解来制定促进经济稳定和增长的措施。最终，掌握“收入效应”丰富了我们对收入、消费和经济健康之间复杂相互作用的理解。