market-oriented economy

简明释义

市场主导型经济

英英释义

例句

1.In a market-oriented economy 市场导向经济, supply and demand dictate prices rather than government regulations.

在市场导向经济 市场导向经济中，供求关系决定价格，而不是政府法规。

2.The transition to a market-oriented economy 市场导向经济 has led to increased foreign investment in the country.

向市场导向经济 市场导向经济的转型使该国的外国投资增加。

3.Countries that adopt a market-oriented economy 市场导向经济 often experience rapid economic growth.

采纳市场导向经济 市场导向经济的国家通常会经历快速的经济增长。

4.The shift towards a market-oriented economy 市场导向经济 requires significant policy reforms.

向市场导向经济 市场导向经济的转变需要重大政策改革。

5.A market-oriented economy 市场导向经济 encourages competition, which can lead to better products and services for consumers.

一个市场导向经济 市场导向经济鼓励竞争，这可能为消费者带来更好的产品和服务。

作文

A market-oriented economy is an economic system that relies on the forces of supply and demand to determine prices, production, and distribution of goods and services. In such an economy, businesses and consumers make decisions based on their preferences and the information available to them, rather than through central planning by the government. This type of economic structure encourages competition, innovation, and efficiency, as companies strive to meet the needs of consumers while maximizing their profits. One of the key features of a market-oriented economy is the role of private property. Individuals and businesses have the right to own and control their resources, which incentivizes them to use these resources efficiently. For example, a farmer who owns land will be motivated to cultivate crops that are in high demand, as this will allow them to earn a higher income. Conversely, if the farmer does not respond to market signals, they may find themselves unable to sell their produce, leading to financial losses. Another important aspect of a market-oriented economy is the price mechanism. Prices act as signals to both producers and consumers. When demand for a product increases, prices tend to rise, prompting producers to increase their output. Conversely, if a product is in low demand, prices will fall, encouraging producers to reduce production or shift their resources to more profitable ventures. This dynamic nature of pricing helps allocate resources efficiently across the economy. However, while a market-oriented economy has many advantages, it also has its challenges. One major concern is the potential for inequality. In a system where success is largely determined by market performance, disparities in wealth and income can emerge. Those with more resources or better access to education may thrive, while others may struggle to meet their basic needs. This can lead to social tensions and calls for government intervention to address these inequalities. Additionally, a purely market-oriented economy may not adequately address public goods and externalities. Public goods, such as national defense and clean air, are often underprovided in a market system because individuals cannot be excluded from using them, and thus there is little incentive for private firms to supply them. Similarly, negative externalities, like pollution, may arise when businesses do not bear the full costs of their production activities. In these cases, government intervention may be necessary to ensure that societal needs are met. In conclusion, a market-oriented economy is characterized by the interplay of supply and demand, private property rights, and the price mechanism. While it fosters innovation and efficiency, it also presents challenges such as inequality and the underprovision of public goods. Balancing the benefits of a market-oriented economy with the need for social equity and environmental protection is a critical task for policymakers. As economies evolve, finding the right mix between market forces and government intervention will be essential for sustainable growth and development.

市场导向经济是一种依赖供需力量来决定商品和服务的价格、生产和分配的经济体系。在这种经济中，企业和消费者根据他们的偏好和可获得的信息做出决策，而不是通过政府的中央计划。这种经济结构鼓励竞争、创新和效率，因为公司努力满足消费者的需求，同时最大化他们的利润。市场导向经济的一个关键特征是私有财产的角色。个人和企业有权拥有和控制他们的资源，这激励他们有效地使用这些资源。例如，拥有土地的农民将被激励种植需求量高的作物，因为这将使他们获得更高的收入。相反，如果农民不响应市场信号，他们可能会发现自己无法出售自己的产品，从而导致财务损失。市场导向经济的另一个重要方面是价格机制。价格作为生产者和消费者的信号。当某一产品的需求增加时，价格往往会上升，促使生产者增加产量。相反，如果某一产品的需求低迷，价格将下降，鼓励生产者减少生产或将其资源转移到更有利可图的事业上。这种定价的动态特性有助于在经济中有效配置资源。然而，尽管市场导向经济有许多优点，但它也面临挑战。一个主要问题是潜在的不平等。在一个成功主要由市场表现决定的系统中，财富和收入差距可能会出现。拥有更多资源或更好教育机会的人可能会繁荣，而其他人可能难以满足基本需求。这可能导致社会紧张局势，并要求政府干预以解决这些不平等问题。此外，纯粹的市场导向经济可能无法充分解决公共产品和外部性的问题。公共产品，如国家防御和清洁空气，通常在市场系统中提供不足，因为个人无法被排除在使用这些产品之外，因此私人公司供应它们的激励微弱。同样，当企业不承担其生产活动的全部成本时，可能会出现负外部性，例如污染。在这些情况下，政府干预可能是必要的，以确保满足社会需求。总之，市场导向经济的特点是供需的相互作用、私有财产权和价格机制。虽然它促进了创新和效率，但也带来了不平等和公共产品供给不足等挑战。平衡市场导向经济的好处与社会公平和环境保护的需求是政策制定者的重要任务。随着经济的发展，找到市场力量与政府干预之间的正确平衡对可持续增长和发展至关重要。