market power

简明释义

市场支配力

英英释义

例句

1.A company with significant market power can influence prices and control supply in the industry.

一家具有显著市场势力的公司可以影响价格并控制行业供应。

2.Small businesses often struggle against larger competitors with greater market power.

小企业常常在与拥有更大市场势力的大型竞争对手竞争时感到困难。

3.The merger increased the market power of the two companies, raising concerns about monopolistic behavior.

此次合并增加了两家公司的市场势力，引发了对垄断行为的担忧。

4.With its strong brand recognition, the firm has considerable market power in the consumer goods sector.

凭借强大的品牌认知度，该公司在消费品行业拥有相当的市场势力。

5.Regulators often monitor firms with high market power to prevent anti-competitive practices.

监管机构通常监控具有高市场势力的公司，以防止反竞争行为。

作文

Market power is a crucial concept in economics that refers to the ability of a firm or group of firms to influence the price of a product or service in the marketplace. When a company possesses significant market power, it can set prices above the competitive level, leading to higher profits and potentially harming consumers by reducing their choices and increasing prices. Understanding market power is essential for both businesses and policymakers as it impacts competition, consumer welfare, and overall market dynamics.To illustrate the concept of market power, consider a monopolistic scenario where a single company dominates an industry. For instance, if a pharmaceutical company develops a groundbreaking drug that has no direct competitors, it holds substantial market power. The company can set the price of the drug at a level that maximizes its profits without worrying about competitors undercutting them. This situation can lead to high prices for consumers who need the medication, demonstrating the negative implications of market power when it is concentrated in the hands of a few.In contrast, companies operating in a highly competitive market typically have little to no market power. In such markets, numerous firms offer similar products, and consumers can easily switch from one provider to another. For example, the fast-food industry is characterized by many players like McDonald's, Burger King, and Wendy's. Each of these companies has limited market power because they compete fiercely on price and quality, which ultimately benefits consumers through lower prices and better services.One important aspect of market power is its measurement. Economists often use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to assess the concentration of market power within an industry. A higher HHI indicates a more concentrated market, suggesting that a few firms hold significant market power. Policymakers use this information to determine whether to approve mergers and acquisitions, as increased concentration can lead to anti-competitive behavior.Furthermore, the presence of market power raises concerns regarding regulatory interventions. Governments often step in to regulate industries where market power is deemed excessive. Antitrust laws are designed to promote competition and prevent monopolistic practices. By breaking up large companies or preventing mergers that would significantly increase market power, regulators aim to protect consumers and ensure fair pricing.In conclusion, market power is a fundamental concept that influences how businesses operate and how consumers interact with the marketplace. It highlights the balance between competition and monopoly, illustrating the potential consequences of concentrated power in the hands of a few firms. Understanding market power is vital for anyone interested in economics, business strategy, or public policy, as it shapes the landscape of industries and affects the welfare of consumers and the economy at large.

市场力量是经济学中的一个关键概念，指的是一个公司或一组公司在市场上影响产品或服务价格的能力。当一家公司拥有显著的市场力量时，它可以将价格设定在竞争水平之上，从而获得更高的利润，并可能通过减少消费者的选择和提高价格来损害消费者。理解市场力量对于企业和政策制定者来说至关重要，因为它影响竞争、消费者福利和整体市场动态。为了说明市场力量的概念，考虑一个垄断的场景，其中一个公司主导整个行业。例如，如果一家制药公司开发出一种具有突破性的药物，而没有直接的竞争对手，那么它就拥有相当大的市场力量。该公司可以将药物的价格设定在一个最大化其利润的水平，而不必担心竞争对手会削减价格。这种情况可能导致需要这种药物的消费者面临高昂的价格，展示了当市场力量集中在少数人手中时可能产生的负面影响。相比之下，在高度竞争的市场中运营的公司通常几乎没有市场力量。在这样的市场中，众多公司提供类似的产品，消费者可以轻松地从一个供应商切换到另一个供应商。例如，快餐行业的特点是有许多参与者，如麦当劳、汉堡王和温迪。由于这些公司在价格和质量上激烈竞争，因此每家公司都拥有有限的市场力量，这最终通过降低价格和提供更好的服务使消费者受益。市场力量的一个重要方面是其测量。经济学家通常使用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数（HHI）来评估一个行业内市场力量的集中程度。较高的HHI表明市场更加集中，暗示少数公司拥有显著的市场力量。政策制定者利用这些信息来决定是否批准合并和收购，因为增加的集中可能导致反竞争行为。此外，存在的市场力量引发了对监管干预的担忧。政府通常会介入以规范那些被认为过度拥有市场力量的行业。反垄断法旨在促进竞争并防止垄断行为。通过拆分大型公司或阻止会显著增加市场力量的合并，监管机构旨在保护消费者并确保公平定价。总之，市场力量是一个基本概念，影响着企业的运作方式以及消费者与市场的互动方式。它突显了竞争与垄断之间的平衡，展示了少数公司集中权力的潜在后果。理解市场力量对于任何对经济学、商业战略或公共政策感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它塑造了行业的格局并影响着消费者和整个经济的福利。