deadweight loss

简明释义

实在损失

英英释义

例句

1.In monopolistic markets, deadweight loss 无谓损失 occurs because the quantity produced is less than the socially optimal level.

在垄断市场中，deadweight loss 无谓损失的发生是因为生产的数量低于社会最优水平。

2.Price controls can lead to deadweight loss 无谓损失 by creating shortages or surpluses in the market.

价格管制可能会通过在市场上造成短缺或过剩而导致deadweight loss 无谓损失。

3.The government aimed to reduce deadweight loss 无谓损失 by eliminating tariffs on imported goods.

政府旨在通过消除进口商品的关税来减少deadweight loss 无谓损失。

4.A subsidy can sometimes lead to deadweight loss 无谓损失 if it encourages overproduction of a good.

如果补贴促使某种商品的过度生产，它有时会导致deadweight loss 无谓损失。

5.When a tax is imposed on a good, it can create a deadweight loss 无谓损失 in the market.

当对一种商品征税时，它可能会在市场中造成一个deadweight loss 无谓损失。

作文

In the realm of economics, the concept of deadweight loss refers to the loss of economic efficiency that occurs when the equilibrium for a good or service is not achieved or is not achievable. This typically happens due to market distortions such as taxes, subsidies, tariffs, or price ceilings and floors. When these distortions are present, the quantity of goods traded is reduced compared to the optimal level where supply meets demand. As a result, both consumers and producers lose out on potential gains from trade, leading to a net loss in economic welfare.To better understand deadweight loss, consider a simple example involving a tax imposed on a product. When a government levies a tax on a good, it increases the price that consumers must pay while simultaneously decreasing the amount that producers receive. This creates a wedge between the price consumers are willing to pay and the price producers are willing to accept. Consequently, some transactions that would have occurred in a tax-free environment no longer take place. This reduction in the quantity of goods exchanged results in a loss of consumer and producer surplus, which is visually represented by the triangular area between the supply and demand curves in a standard economic graph.The implications of deadweight loss extend beyond just individual markets; they can affect entire economies. For instance, if a country imposes high tariffs on imports, it may protect domestic industries but at the cost of higher prices for consumers and reduced choices. The overall economic activity shrinks as resources are misallocated. In such scenarios, the government may collect more revenue from tariffs, but the losses incurred by consumers and the inefficiencies introduced into the market often outweigh these benefits.Furthermore, deadweight loss can also arise from monopolistic practices. When a single seller dominates a market, they can set prices above the competitive level, resulting in lower quantities sold than would occur in a competitive market. This situation leads to a similar loss of economic efficiency, as fewer consumers are able to purchase the product at the inflated price. The monopolist's profit comes at the expense of overall market welfare, creating a scenario where both consumer and producer surpluses are diminished.Addressing deadweight loss requires careful policy considerations. Economists often advocate for measures that promote competition and reduce unnecessary market distortions. For example, lowering taxes on certain goods can enhance market efficiency by encouraging more transactions. Similarly, removing price controls can allow supply and demand to reach their natural equilibrium, thereby minimizing the deadweight loss associated with those controls.In conclusion, understanding deadweight loss is crucial for policymakers and economists alike. It serves as a reminder of the importance of efficient market operations and the potential consequences of interventions that disrupt the balance of supply and demand. By striving to minimize deadweight loss, we can work towards a more efficient economy that maximizes welfare for all participants in the market. Recognizing the factors that contribute to this phenomenon and implementing strategies to mitigate its effects will lead to a healthier economic environment that benefits society as a whole.

在经济学领域，短语死重损失指的是当某种商品或服务的均衡未能实现或无法实现时所造成的经济效率损失。这通常发生在市场扭曲的情况下，例如税收、补贴、关税或价格上限和下限。当这些扭曲存在时，交易的商品数量会减少，相较于供需相遇的最佳水平。因此，消费者和生产者都失去了潜在的交易收益，导致经济福利的净损失。为了更好地理解死重损失，我们可以考虑一个关于对产品征税的简单例子。当政府对某种商品征收税款时，它会增加消费者必须支付的价格，同时降低生产者所获得的价格。这在消费者愿意支付的价格和生产者愿意接受的价格之间产生了一个楔子。因此，一些在无税环境中会发生的交易不再进行。这种商品交换数量的减少导致消费者和生产者剩余的损失，在标准经济图表中，这种损失通过供给曲线和需求曲线之间的三角形区域可视化。死重损失的影响不仅限于单个市场；它们可以影响整个经济。例如，如果一个国家对进口商品征收高额关税，可能会保护国内产业，但代价是消费者面临更高的价格和减少的选择。整体经济活动因资源的错误配置而萎缩。在这种情况下，政府可能通过关税获得更多的收入，但消费者所遭受的损失和市场引入的低效往往会超过这些收益。此外，死重损失还可能源于垄断行为。当单一卖方主导市场时，他们可以将价格定在竞争水平之上，导致销售数量低于竞争市场中将发生的数量。这种情况导致经济效率的类似损失，因为能够以膨胀价格购买产品的消费者减少。垄断者的利润以整体市场福利为代价，从而导致消费者和生产者剩余的减少。解决死重损失需要谨慎的政策考量。经济学家通常倡导采取促进竞争和减少不必要市场扭曲的措施。例如，降低某些商品的税收可以通过鼓励更多交易来提高市场效率。类似地，取消价格管制可以让供需达到其自然均衡，从而最小化与这些管制相关的死重损失。总之，理解死重损失对政策制定者和经济学家来说至关重要。它提醒我们有效市场运作的重要性以及干预措施可能破坏供需平衡的潜在后果。通过努力最小化死重损失，我们可以朝着一个更加高效的经济迈进，最大化市场参与者的福利。认识到导致这一现象的因素并实施减轻其影响的策略，将有助于创造一个更健康的经济环境，造福整个社会。