surplus value

简明释义

剩余价值

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of surplus value 剩余价值 is central to Marxist economic theory.

在马克思主义经济理论中，剩余价值的概念是核心。

2.Understanding how to leverage surplus value 剩余价值 can significantly improve business profitability.

理解如何利用剩余价值可以显著提高商业盈利能力。

3.Investors are always looking for ways to create surplus value 剩余价值 in their portfolios.

投资者总是在寻找在他们的投资组合中创造剩余价值的方法。

4.By investing in technology, the firm aimed to increase its surplus value 剩余价值 over time.

通过投资技术，该公司旨在随着时间的推移增加其剩余价值。

5.The company was able to generate significant surplus value 剩余价值 by optimizing its production processes.

通过优化生产流程，公司能够产生显著的剩余价值。

作文

The concept of surplus value is central to understanding the dynamics of capitalism and labor relations. Introduced by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy, surplus value refers to the difference between what workers are paid for their labor and the value of the goods or services they produce. This difference is crucial because it represents the profit that capitalists make from employing labor. In a capitalist economy, the goal of businesses is to maximize this surplus value, which often leads to various labor practices that prioritize profit over the well-being of workers.To illustrate this, consider a factory that produces shoes. If a worker is paid $20 for an hour of labor but produces shoes worth $50 during that time, the surplus value generated is $30. This $30 is the profit that the factory owner can keep, while the worker only receives their wage. The factory owner’s ability to extract this surplus value depends on several factors, including the level of technological advancement, the bargaining power of workers, and the overall economic conditions.Marx argued that the extraction of surplus value is inherent to the capitalist system. As competition increases, capitalists strive to reduce labor costs and increase productivity to enhance their profits. This often results in a cycle where workers are pushed to work harder for less pay, leading to greater surplus value for the owners. However, this process can lead to social and economic inequalities, as the wealth generated by labor is concentrated in the hands of a few.Moreover, the concept of surplus value is not just limited to physical labor. It also applies to the service industry, where workers may be compensated less than the value they create through their services. For instance, a software developer might be paid a salary that does not reflect the high demand and value of the software they create, resulting in significant surplus value for the company.Understanding surplus value is essential for recognizing the power dynamics in the workplace. Workers who understand how surplus value is generated may be more inclined to advocate for fair wages and better working conditions. Labor unions often use the concept of surplus value to argue for higher wages and benefits, emphasizing that workers deserve a larger share of the wealth they help create.In conclusion, surplus value is a critical concept in analyzing the relationships between labor, capital, and profit in a capitalist society. It highlights the inherent inequalities within the system and underscores the need for workers to understand their value in the marketplace. By recognizing the significance of surplus value, individuals can better navigate their roles within the economy and advocate for changes that promote fairness and equity in labor relations.

“剩余价值”这一概念对于理解资本主义和劳动关系的动态至关重要。它是由卡尔·马克思在对政治经济的批判中提出的，指的是工人所获得的工资与他们所生产的商品或服务的价值之间的差额。这个差额至关重要，因为它代表了资本家通过雇佣劳动所获得的利润。在资本主义经济中，企业的目标是最大化这种“剩余价值”，这往往导致各种劳动实践优先考虑利润而非工人的福祉。为了说明这一点，考虑一家生产鞋子的工厂。如果一名工人每小时获得20美元的工资，但在这一时间内生产的鞋子价值50美元，那么产生的“剩余价值”就是30美元。这30美元是工厂老板可以保留的利润，而工人仅收到他们的工资。工厂老板提取这种“剩余价值”的能力取决于多个因素，包括技术进步水平、工人的讨价还价能力以及整体经济条件。马克思认为，提取“剩余价值”是资本主义制度固有的。随着竞争的加剧，资本家努力降低劳动成本并提高生产力，以增强他们的利润。这往往导致一个循环，即工人被迫以更少的报酬工作得更辛苦，从而为所有者创造更大的“剩余价值”。然而，这一过程可能导致社会和经济不平等，因为劳动所创造的财富集中在少数人手中。此外，“剩余价值”的概念不仅限于体力劳动。它也适用于服务行业，工人的报酬可能低于他们通过服务创造的价值。例如，一名软件开发人员的薪水可能没有反映出他们所创造软件的高需求和价值，从而为公司带来显著的“剩余价值”。理解“剩余价值”对于认识工作场所中的权力动态至关重要。那些了解如何产生“剩余价值”的工人可能更倾向于倡导公平的工资和更好的工作条件。工会通常利用“剩余价值”的概念来争取更高的工资和福利，强调工人应当获得他们帮助创造的财富的更大份额。总之，“剩余价值”是在分析资本主义社会中劳动、资本和利润之间关系的重要概念。它突显了系统内部固有的不平等，并强调工人了解他们在市场中的价值的必要性。通过认识到“剩余价值”的重要性，个人可以更好地驾驭他们在经济中的角色，并倡导促进劳动关系公平和公正的变革。