price discrimination

简明释义

区别对待的价格

英英释义

例句

1.The coffee shop employs price discrimination by charging more for coffee during peak hours compared to off-peak times.

这家咖啡店在高峰时段对咖啡收取更高的费用，从而实施价格歧视。

2.Many software companies use price discrimination by offering discounts to students and educational institutions.

许多软件公司通过向学生和教育机构提供折扣来利用价格歧视。

3.Airlines often engage in price discrimination to charge different fares for the same flight based on factors like booking time and customer demographics.

航空公司经常进行价格歧视，根据预订时间和客户人口统计等因素对同一航班收取不同的票价。

4.Online retailers often utilize price discrimination by adjusting prices based on users' browsing history and location.

在线零售商经常利用价格歧视，根据用户的浏览历史和位置调整价格。

5.Some movie theaters practice price discrimination by offering discounted tickets for matinee shows.

一些电影院通过为午间场次提供折扣票来实施价格歧视。

作文

Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that charges customers different prices for the same product or service based on various factors. This concept is widely discussed in economic theory and has significant implications for both consumers and businesses. Understanding price discrimination (价格歧视) can help us grasp how markets operate and why certain pricing strategies are employed by companies.To illustrate, let’s consider a common example of price discrimination (价格歧视) in the airline industry. Airlines often charge different prices for the same flight depending on when a ticket is purchased, the class of service, and even the passenger's age. For instance, a last-minute ticket purchased by a business traveler may cost significantly more than a ticket bought months in advance by a leisure traveler. This practice allows airlines to maximize their revenue by capturing consumer surplus, which is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they actually pay.There are several types of price discrimination (价格歧视). The first is known as first-degree price discrimination, where a seller charges each consumer the maximum price they are willing to pay. This type is often seen in negotiations where buyers and sellers haggle over prices. The second type is second-degree price discrimination, where prices vary according to the quantity consumed or the product version. For example, bulk purchases often come with discounts, encouraging consumers to buy more.The third type, and perhaps the most common in everyday life, is third-degree price discrimination. This occurs when different groups of consumers are charged different prices based on identifiable characteristics such as age, location, or time of purchase. Student discounts at movie theaters and senior citizen discounts at restaurants are prime examples of this form of price discrimination (价格歧视).While price discrimination (价格歧视) can lead to increased profits for businesses, it also raises ethical questions. Critics argue that it can exploit vulnerable populations who may be unable to pay higher prices. For instance, if a company charges higher prices to consumers in low-income areas simply because they have less access to alternatives, it could be seen as taking advantage of their situation. Therefore, while it can be a legitimate business strategy, there must be a balance between profit maximization and ethical considerations.Moreover, price discrimination (价格歧视) can also benefit consumers in some cases. For instance, offering lower prices to students or seniors allows these groups to access products and services they might otherwise be unable to afford. This can enhance overall market participation and ensure that essential goods and services are available to a broader audience.In conclusion, price discrimination (价格歧视) is a complex pricing strategy that reflects the dynamics of supply and demand in various markets. While it can lead to higher revenues for businesses, it also necessitates careful consideration of its ethical implications. As consumers become more aware of pricing strategies, businesses must navigate the fine line between maximizing profits and maintaining a fair pricing structure. Understanding price discrimination (价格歧视) not only sheds light on business practices but also encourages critical thinking about consumer rights and market ethics.

价格歧视是一种定价策略，根据各种因素向客户收取不同的价格，尽管产品或服务是相同的。这个概念在经济理论中被广泛讨论，对消费者和企业都有重要影响。理解价格歧视可以帮助我们掌握市场的运作方式，以及为什么公司会采用某些定价策略。为了说明这一点，让我们考虑一个航空业中常见的例子。航空公司通常根据机票购买时间、服务等级，甚至乘客的年龄，对同一航班收取不同的价格。例如，商务旅客购买的临时机票可能比休闲旅客提前几个月购买的机票贵得多。这种做法使航空公司能够通过捕捉消费者剩余来最大化收入，即消费者愿意支付的价格与他们实际支付的价格之间的差额。价格歧视有几种类型。第一种是第一度价格歧视，卖方向每位消费者收取他们愿意支付的最高价格。这种类型通常出现在买卖双方讨价还价的情况下。第二种是第二度价格歧视，价格根据消费数量或产品版本的不同而有所不同。例如，大宗购买通常会享受折扣，以鼓励消费者购买更多。第三种，可能是日常生活中最常见的，是第三度价格歧视。当不同的消费者群体根据可识别的特征（如年龄、地点或购买时间）被收取不同的价格时，就会发生这种情况。电影院的学生折扣和餐馆的老年人折扣就是这种形式的典型例子。虽然价格歧视可以为企业带来更高的利润，但它也引发了伦理问题。批评者认为，这可能会剥削那些可能无法支付更高价格的脆弱群体。例如，如果一家公司仅仅因为低收入地区的消费者缺乏替代选择而向他们收取更高的价格，这可能会被视为利用他们的处境。因此，虽然这可以是一种合法的商业策略，但必须在利润最大化和伦理考量之间保持平衡。此外，价格歧视在某些情况下也可以使消费者受益。例如，向学生或老年人提供较低价格使这些群体能够获得他们可能无法负担的产品和服务。这可以增强整体市场参与度，并确保更广泛的受众能够获得基本商品和服务。总之，价格歧视是一种复杂的定价策略，反映了各个市场供需动态。虽然它可以为企业带来更高的收入，但也需要仔细考虑其伦理影响。随着消费者对定价策略的认识提高，企业必须在最大化利润和保持公平的定价结构之间找到微妙的平衡。理解价格歧视不仅揭示了商业实践，还鼓励对消费者权益和市场伦理进行深入思考。