polymerases

简明释义

[ˌpɒl.ɪˈmɛə.reɪz][ˌpɑː.lɪˈmɛr.eɪz]

n. [生化]聚合酶(polymerase 的复数)

英英释义

Polymerases are enzymes that synthesize long chains or polymers of nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, by linking together nucleotide monomers in a sequence-specific manner.

聚合酶是合成长链或核酸聚合物(如DNA或RNA)的酶,通过以特定序列的方式连接核苷酸单体。

单词用法

polymerase chain reaction

聚合酶链反应

rna polymerase

[生化]核糖核酸聚合酶

同义词

DNA polymerases

DNA聚合酶

DNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication.

DNA聚合酶对于DNA复制是必不可少的。

RNA polymerases

RNA聚合酶

RNA polymerases transcribe DNA into RNA.

RNA聚合酶将DNA转录为RNA。

反义词

exonucleases

外切酶

Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of DNA.

外切酶从DNA的末端去除核苷酸。

nucleases

核酸酶

Nucleases are important for DNA repair processes.

核酸酶在DNA修复过程中非常重要。

例句

1.DNA polymerases are capable of editing and error correction, but RNA polymerases do not appear to have this capacity.

DNA聚合酶可以校对和修正,但是RNA聚合酶没有这种能力。

2.The template specificities found with DNA polymerases from human leucocytes is summarized in Table 1.

人白血病DNA聚合酶的模板特异性简列于表1中。

3.Human polymerase eta(Pol eta) is one of translesion synthesis DNA polymerases.

是一种跨损伤合成DNA聚合酶。

4.The error rates of single molecule PCR under different conditions showed that it is essential to select different polymerases according to different experimental p.

对单分子PCR产物的错误率进行了理论分析,结果表明:根据实验目的和条件,选择忠实性不同的聚合酶是十分关键。

5.A toxin that inhibits the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases to different extents.

一种能不同程度地抑制三种真核生物rna聚合酶的毒素。

6.Most mammalian cells contain multiple species of DNA dependent DNA polymerases.

大部分哺乳动物细胞均含有多种依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶。

7.Nucleotides and polymerases, too.

还有核苷和聚合酶。

8.The substrate specificity of O-antigen glycosyltransferases and polymerases are proposed.

讨论了O 抗原糖基转移酶和聚合酶对底物的特异性;

9.The fundamental mechanism of transcription is conserved among cellular RNA polymerases, the researchers explained.

转录的基本机制就存在于进化保守的RNA聚合酶中。

10.The error rates of single molecule PCR under different conditions showed that it is essential to select different polymerases according to different experimental p.

对单分子PCR产物的错误率进行了理论分析,结果表明:根据实验目的和条件,选择忠实性不同的聚合酶是十分关键。

11.Some viruses encode their own polymerases to replicate their RNA.

一些病毒编码自己的 聚合酶 来复制其RNA。

12.Researchers are investigating how polymerases can be used in gene therapy.

研究人员正在调查如何在基因治疗中使用 聚合酶

13.The study of polymerases has advanced our understanding of genetic processes.

聚合酶 的研究促进了我们对遗传过程的理解。

14.In molecular biology, different types of polymerases are used for various applications.

在分子生物学中,不同类型的 聚合酶 被用于各种应用。

15.DNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication.

DNA 聚合酶 对于DNA复制至关重要。

作文

In the realm of molecular biology, enzymes play a crucial role in various cellular processes. One of the most important classes of enzymes are known as polymerases. These remarkable proteins are responsible for synthesizing nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, by catalyzing the polymerization of nucleotides. Understanding the function of polymerases is essential for grasping how genetic information is replicated and expressed within living organisms.To appreciate the significance of polymerases, it is important to first understand the structure of nucleic acids. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix. Each strand is made up of a sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. These nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases encodes the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of all living organisms.During DNA replication, which occurs before a cell divides, polymerases play a vital role. They add nucleotides one by one to a growing DNA strand, using an existing strand as a template. This process ensures that the genetic information is accurately copied and passed on to the daughter cells. Without the action of polymerases, the replication process would be highly inefficient and error-prone, leading to mutations and potential disease.There are several types of polymerases, each with specific functions. For instance, DNA polymerase is the enzyme primarily responsible for DNA synthesis during replication. In contrast, RNA polymerase is involved in the transcription process, where a segment of DNA is transcribed into RNA. This RNA can then be translated into proteins, which perform various functions within the cell. The distinction between these two types of polymerases highlights their specialized roles in gene expression and regulation.The study of polymerases has significant implications in biotechnology and medicine. For example, scientists have harnessed the power of DNA polymerases in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, which allow for the amplification of specific DNA sequences. This method is widely used in genetic research, forensic science, and medical diagnostics. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms of polymerases can lead to the development of targeted therapies for diseases caused by faulty DNA replication or transcription.In conclusion, polymerases are essential enzymes that facilitate the synthesis of nucleic acids, playing a pivotal role in the processes of DNA replication and RNA transcription. Their ability to accurately copy and transcribe genetic information is fundamental to the continuity of life. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of these enzymes, we gain deeper insights into the molecular underpinnings of biology, paving the way for advancements in medicine and technology. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of polymerases not only enriches our knowledge of cellular processes but also holds the key to innovative solutions in various fields of science.

在分子生物学领域,酶在各种细胞过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。其中最重要的酶类之一被称为聚合酶。这些非凡的蛋白质负责通过催化核苷酸的聚合来合成核酸,如DNA和RNA。理解聚合酶的功能对于掌握遗传信息在生物体内如何复制和表达是必不可少的。要理解聚合酶的重要性,首先必须了解核酸的结构。DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)由两条链组成,这两条链缠绕在一起形成双螺旋。每条链由一系列核苷酸构成,核苷酸是DNA的基本构件。这些核苷酸由一个糖、一个磷酸基团和一个氮碱基组成。这些碱基的序列编码了所有生物体发育和功能所需的遗传信息。在DNA复制过程中(发生在细胞分裂之前),聚合酶发挥着至关重要的作用。它们逐个添加核苷酸到正在增长的DNA链上,使用现有链作为模板。这个过程确保了遗传信息被准确复制并传递给子细胞。如果没有聚合酶的作用,复制过程将极其低效且容易出错,从而导致突变和潜在疾病。存在几种类型的聚合酶,每种都有特定的功能。例如,DNA聚合酶是主要负责DNA合成的酶,而RNA聚合酶则参与转录过程,在该过程中,DNA的一段被转录为RNA。这个RNA随后可以被翻译成蛋白质,这些蛋白质在细胞内执行各种功能。两种聚合酶之间的区别突显了它们在基因表达和调控中的专业角色。对聚合酶的研究在生物技术和医学上具有重要意义。例如,科学家们利用DNA聚合酶的力量开发了聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术,该技术允许对特定DNA序列进行扩增。这种方法广泛应用于基因研究、法医学和医学诊断。此外,理解聚合酶的机制可以导致针对由错误的DNA复制或转录引起的疾病的靶向治疗的发展。总之,聚合酶是促进核酸合成的必需酶,在DNA复制和RNA转录过程中发挥着关键作用。它们准确复制和转录遗传信息的能力是生命延续的基础。随着研究不断揭示这些酶的复杂性,我们对生物学的分子基础有了更深入的了解,为医学和技术的进步铺平了道路。因此,全面理解聚合酶不仅丰富了我们对细胞过程的知识,而且为各种科学领域的创新解决方案提供了关键。