expenditure multiplier

简明释义

开支增加因素

英英释义

例句

1.During a recession, the expenditure multiplier 支出乘数 can be particularly effective in stimulating demand.

在经济衰退期间，支出乘数 expenditure multiplier在刺激需求方面可能特别有效。

2.The government increased its spending, expecting the expenditure multiplier 支出乘数 to boost economic growth significantly.

政府增加了支出，期望支出乘数 expenditure multiplier能显著促进经济增长。

3.The local government is analyzing the potential impact of the expenditure multiplier 支出乘数 on job creation.

地方政府正在分析支出乘数 expenditure multiplier对就业创造的潜在影响。

4.Economists estimate that the expenditure multiplier 支出乘数 for infrastructure projects is around 2.5.

经济学家估计基础设施项目的支出乘数 expenditure multiplier大约为2.5。

5.A higher expenditure multiplier 支出乘数 indicates that each dollar spent leads to a greater increase in overall economic activity.

更高的支出乘数 expenditure multiplier表明每花费一美元将导致整体经济活动的更大增加。

作文

The concept of the expenditure multiplier is a fundamental principle in economics that illustrates how an initial increase in spending can lead to a more significant overall increase in economic activity. When the government or any entity increases its expenditure, it directly affects the income of those who receive that money. For example, when the government invests in infrastructure projects, it pays construction workers and materials suppliers. This payment increases the income of these individuals and companies, allowing them to spend more on goods and services. This cycle continues as the increased spending leads to further income generation, resulting in a multiplied effect on the economy.To understand the expenditure multiplier better, we must consider its mathematical representation. The multiplier is calculated as 1 divided by the marginal propensity to save (MPS). This means that if the MPS is low, the multiplier will be high, indicating that people tend to spend a large portion of any additional income they receive. Conversely, if the MPS is high, the multiplier will be lower, suggesting that people save more of their income rather than spend it. This relationship highlights the importance of consumer behavior in determining the effectiveness of fiscal policies.Moreover, the expenditure multiplier is not limited to government spending; it can also apply to private sector investments. For instance, when a business expands and hires new employees, those new employees will have more disposable income, which they will spend within their communities. This spending supports local businesses, leading to job creation and further economic growth. Thus, the ripple effect of spending extends beyond the initial investment, demonstrating the interconnectedness of economic activities.However, it is crucial to recognize that the expenditure multiplier can vary based on several factors, including the state of the economy, consumer confidence, and external economic conditions. In a recession, for example, the multiplier effect may be weaker because consumers are more likely to save their income due to uncertainty about the future. In such cases, even significant government spending may not lead to the expected economic growth.Additionally, the effectiveness of the expenditure multiplier can be influenced by inflation. If prices rise too quickly, the real value of the increased spending may diminish, leading to a situation where the multiplier effect is reduced. Therefore, policymakers must consider these factors when designing fiscal policies aimed at stimulating economic growth.In conclusion, the expenditure multiplier is a vital concept in understanding how spending impacts economic activity. It emphasizes the cascading effects of initial expenditures and highlights the importance of consumer behavior and economic conditions. By recognizing the potential of the expenditure multiplier, governments and businesses can make informed decisions that promote sustainable economic growth. Understanding this concept allows us to appreciate the complexities of economic interactions and the significance of strategic spending in fostering a thriving economy.

支出乘数的概念是经济学中的一个基本原则，它说明了初始支出的增加如何导致经济活动的显著总体增加。当政府或任何实体增加其支出时，它直接影响到那些收到这笔钱的人的收入。例如，当政府投资于基础设施项目时，它会支付给建筑工人和材料供应商。这种支付增加了这些个人和公司的收入，使他们能够在商品和服务上花费更多。这一循环继续进行，因为支出的增加导致进一步的收入生成，从而对经济产生乘数效应。为了更好地理解支出乘数，我们必须考虑其数学表示。乘数的计算公式为1除以边际储蓄倾向（MPS）。这意味着如果MPS较低，乘数将较高，表明人们往往会花费他们所获得的额外收入的大部分。相反，如果MPS较高，乘数将较低，暗示人们更倾向于储蓄而非消费。这种关系突显了消费者行为在决定财政政策有效性方面的重要性。此外，支出乘数不仅限于政府支出；它也可以适用于私营部门的投资。例如，当一家企业扩张并雇佣新员工时，这些新员工将拥有更多的可支配收入，他们将在社区内进行消费。这种消费支持当地企业，导致就业创造和进一步的经济增长。因此，支出的涟漪效应超越了初始投资，展示了经济活动的相互联系。然而，必须认识到支出乘数可能会受到多种因素的影响，包括经济状态、消费者信心和外部经济条件。在经济衰退期间，例如，乘数效应可能较弱，因为消费者由于对未来的不确定性更倾向于储蓄其收入。在这种情况下，即使是显著的政府支出也可能无法导致预期的经济增长。此外，通货膨胀也会影响支出乘数的有效性。如果价格过快上涨，增加支出的实际价值可能会降低，从而导致乘数效应减弱。因此，政策制定者在设计旨在刺激经济增长的财政政策时，必须考虑这些因素。总之，支出乘数是理解支出如何影响经济活动的重要概念。它强调了初始支出的级联效应，并突出了消费者行为和经济状况的重要性。通过认识到支出乘数的潜力，政府和企业可以做出明智的决策，以促进可持续的经济增长。理解这一概念使我们能够欣赏经济互动的复杂性以及战略性支出在促进繁荣经济中的重要性。