absolute income hypothesis

简明释义

绝对收入假设,绝对所得假说

英英释义

例句

1.In a recent study, researchers found that the absolute income hypothesis holds true for many middle-class households.

在最近的一项研究中，研究人员发现对于许多中产阶级家庭来说，绝对收入假说是成立的。

2.According to the absolute income hypothesis, an individual's consumption is primarily determined by their total income level.

根据绝对收入假说，个人的消费主要由其总收入水平决定。

3.When analyzing spending patterns, economists often refer to the absolute income hypothesis as a foundational theory.

在分析消费模式时，经济学家通常将绝对收入假说作为基础理论。

4.The economist explained the concept of absolute income hypothesis to the students, emphasizing its importance in understanding consumer behavior.

经济学家向学生解释了绝对收入假说的概念，强调了它在理解消费者行为中的重要性。

5.Critics argue that the absolute income hypothesis does not account for changes in consumer preferences over time.

批评者认为绝对收入假说没有考虑到消费者偏好的变化。

作文

The concept of absolute income hypothesis is a significant theory in economics that attempts to explain the relationship between income levels and consumption patterns. This hypothesis was introduced by economist John Maynard Keynes in his work during the early 20th century. Essentially, the absolute income hypothesis posits that an individual's consumption is primarily determined by their current income rather than their past income or wealth. This idea challenges previous notions that suggested consumption behavior was influenced more heavily by accumulated wealth or savings. In practical terms, the absolute income hypothesis suggests that as people's income increases, their consumption will also increase, but not necessarily at the same rate. For instance, if someone receives a raise at work, they are likely to spend more money on goods and services, reflecting their increased purchasing power. However, this does not mean that their spending will double just because their income has doubled. Instead, the increase in consumption may be proportionally less than the increase in income. One of the critical implications of the absolute income hypothesis is its impact on economic policy and consumer behavior. Policymakers often rely on this theory when designing fiscal policies aimed at stimulating economic growth. For example, during a recession, governments might implement tax cuts or direct cash transfers to boost disposable income, with the expectation that increased income will lead to higher consumption levels. This approach assumes that consumers will respond predictably to changes in income, thereby driving demand in the economy. However, the absolute income hypothesis is not without its criticisms. Some economists argue that it oversimplifies the complexities of consumer behavior. Factors such as consumer confidence, expectations for future income, and social influences can significantly affect spending decisions. Additionally, the hypothesis may not hold true in situations where individuals prioritize saving over spending, especially in uncertain economic climates. For example, during times of economic instability, people may choose to save their extra income instead of spending it, contrary to what the absolute income hypothesis would suggest. Moreover, the absolute income hypothesis has been further developed into other theories that consider different aspects of consumption. The relative income hypothesis, for instance, posits that individuals compare their income to that of others, which can influence their consumption choices. This perspective highlights the social dimensions of consumption, suggesting that people may spend based on their position within a social hierarchy rather than solely on their absolute income. In conclusion, the absolute income hypothesis remains a foundational concept in understanding consumer behavior and economic policy. While it provides valuable insights into how income affects consumption, it is essential to consider the broader context and various factors that influence spending decisions. As economies evolve and consumer preferences change, ongoing research and debate surrounding the absolute income hypothesis will continue to shape our understanding of economic dynamics. Ultimately, recognizing both the strengths and limitations of this hypothesis allows for a more nuanced view of the relationship between income and consumption in today's complex economic landscape.

绝对收入假说是经济学中的一个重要理论，试图解释收入水平与消费模式之间的关系。这个假说由经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在20世纪初的工作中提出。基本上，绝对收入假说认为，一个人的消费主要由他们当前的收入决定，而不是他们过去的收入或财富。这个观点挑战了先前的看法，即消费行为更受累积财富或储蓄的影响。在实际操作中，绝对收入假说表明，随着人们收入的增加，他们的消费也会增加，但不一定以相同的速度。例如，如果某人在工作中获得加薪，他们可能会在商品和服务上花费更多的钱，反映出他们购买力的提高。然而，这并不意味着他们的支出会因为收入翻倍而翻倍。相反，消费的增加可能与收入的增加成比例地减少。绝对收入假说的一个关键含义是它对经济政策和消费者行为的影响。政策制定者通常在设计旨在刺激经济增长的财政政策时依赖这一理论。例如，在经济衰退期间，政府可能会实施减税或直接现金转移，以提高可支配收入，期望增加的收入将导致更高的消费水平。这种方法假设消费者会对收入变化做出可预测的反应，从而推动经济需求。然而，绝对收入假说并非没有批评。一些经济学家认为，它过于简单化了消费行为的复杂性。消费者信心、对未来收入的预期以及社会影响等因素，可以显著影响消费决策。此外，在个人优先考虑储蓄而非消费的情况下，这一假说可能并不成立，特别是在经济不确定的气候下。例如，在经济不稳定时期，人们可能会选择储蓄额外的收入，而不是消费，这与绝对收入假说所暗示的相反。此外，绝对收入假说还被进一步发展为其他考虑消费不同方面的理论。例如，相对收入假说认为，个人将自己的收入与他人的收入进行比较，这可能会影响他们的消费选择。这一观点突出了消费的社会维度，表明人们可能会根据他们在社会等级中的位置进行消费，而不仅仅是基于他们的绝对收入。总之，绝对收入假说仍然是理解消费者行为和经济政策的基础概念。虽然它提供了关于收入如何影响消费的宝贵见解，但考虑影响消费决策的更广泛背景和各种因素也是至关重要的。随着经济的发展和消费者偏好的变化，围绕绝对收入假说的持续研究和辩论将继续塑造我们对经济动态的理解。最终，认识到这一假说的优势和局限性，有助于我们更细致地看待当今复杂经济格局中收入与消费之间的关系。