economic surplus

简明释义

经济过剩

英英释义

例句

1.The economic surplus 经济盈余 generated from exports can help stabilize the national economy.

从出口中产生的经济盈余可以帮助稳定国家经济。

2.A higher economic surplus 经济盈余 indicates that a country is producing more than it consumes.

更高的经济盈余表明一个国家的生产超过了消费。

3.In a competitive market, companies strive to maximize their economic surplus 经济盈余 to outperform rivals.

在竞争激烈的市场中，公司努力最大化其经济盈余以超越竞争对手。

4.The government aims to increase the economic surplus 经济盈余 by investing in infrastructure projects.

政府旨在通过投资基础设施项目来增加经济盈余。

5.Businesses can reinvest their economic surplus 经济盈余 to foster growth and innovation.

企业可以将其经济盈余再投资，以促进增长和创新。

作文

Economic surplus is a fundamental concept in economics that refers to the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service and what they actually pay. This concept can be broken down into two main components: consumer surplus and producer surplus. Understanding these components helps us grasp the broader implications of economic surplus on market efficiency and welfare. Consumer surplus, which is the first component of economic surplus (经济盈余), occurs when consumers purchase a product for less than the maximum price they are willing to pay. For example, if a person is willing to pay $100 for a concert ticket but buys it for $70, their consumer surplus is $30. This surplus reflects the benefit that the consumer receives from the transaction, as they save money while enjoying the experience. On the other hand, producer surplus is the second component of economic surplus (经济盈余) and represents the difference between what producers are willing to accept for a good or service and the actual price they receive. For instance, if a farmer is willing to sell a bushel of apples for $50 but sells it for $70, the producer surplus is $20. This surplus indicates the additional benefit that producers gain from selling at a higher market price than their minimum acceptable price. When we analyze both consumer and producer surplus together, we see that economic surplus (经济盈余) provides valuable insights into the efficiency of markets. A market is considered efficient when it maximizes total surplus, which is the sum of consumer and producer surplus. In an efficient market, resources are allocated in such a way that no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off. This situation is known as Pareto efficiency. However, various factors can affect economic surplus (经济盈余) and lead to market inefficiencies. For example, government interventions such as taxes, subsidies, and price controls can distort the natural equilibrium of supply and demand, causing either consumer or producer surplus to decrease. Taxes, for instance, can reduce the amount of producer surplus by lowering the effective price that sellers receive, while simultaneously increasing the price for consumers, thus reducing their surplus as well. Moreover, externalities such as pollution can also impact economic surplus (经济盈余). When a company does not bear the full costs of its production, such as environmental damage, this can lead to overproduction of goods, resulting in a loss of total surplus. In such cases, society as a whole may suffer from decreased welfare, as the negative effects of the externality outweigh the benefits gained from the production of the good. To enhance economic surplus (经济盈余) and promote market efficiency, policymakers often seek to implement measures that correct these inefficiencies. For example, they may impose taxes on activities that generate negative externalities or provide subsidies for activities that yield positive externalities. Additionally, fostering competition within markets can help ensure that prices reflect true supply and demand, thereby maximizing total surplus. In conclusion, understanding economic surplus (经济盈余) is crucial for analyzing the effectiveness of markets and the welfare of consumers and producers. By recognizing the importance of both consumer and producer surplus, we can better appreciate how various factors influence overall economic efficiency. Ultimately, striving for policies that enhance economic surplus (经济盈余) will lead to improved outcomes for society as a whole, creating a more balanced and prosperous economy.

经济盈余是经济学中的一个基本概念，指的是消费者愿意为某种商品或服务支付的价格与他们实际支付的价格之间的差额。这个概念可以分为两个主要组成部分：消费者盈余和生产者盈余。理解这些组成部分有助于我们把握经济盈余对市场效率和福利的更广泛影响。消费者盈余是经济盈余（经济盈余）的第一个组成部分，当消费者以低于他们愿意支付的最高价格购买产品时，就会产生这种盈余。例如，如果一个人愿意为一张音乐会门票支付100美元，但以70美元的价格购买，那么他们的消费者盈余就是30美元。这种盈余反映了消费者从交易中获得的好处，因为他们在享受体验的同时节省了金钱。另一方面，生产者盈余是经济盈余（经济盈余）的第二个组成部分，代表生产者愿意接受的价格与他们实际获得的价格之间的差额。例如，如果一位农民愿意以50美元的价格出售一蒲式耳苹果，但以70美元的价格出售，那么生产者盈余就是20美元。这种盈余表明生产者从以高于其最低可接受价格的市场价格销售中获得的额外好处。当我们将消费者盈余和生产者盈余一起分析时，我们会看到经济盈余（经济盈余）为市场效率提供了宝贵的见解。当市场最大化总盈余时，它被视为有效市场。有效市场中的资源配置方式使得没有人能够在不使其他人变得更糟的情况下变得更好。这种情况被称为帕累托效率。然而，各种因素可能会影响经济盈余（经济盈余），导致市场效率低下。例如，政府的干预措施，如税收、补贴和价格管制，可能会扭曲供需的自然平衡，导致消费者或生产者盈余减少。例如，税收可能会通过降低卖方所获得的有效价格来减少生产者盈余，同时提高消费者的价格，从而也减少他们的盈余。此外，诸如污染等外部性也会影响经济盈余（经济盈余）。当一家公司未能承担其生产的全部成本，例如环境损害，这可能导致商品的过度生产，从而导致总盈余的损失。在这种情况下，整个社会可能会因外部性带来的负面影响超过从商品生产中获得的好处而遭受损失。为了增强经济盈余（经济盈余）并促进市场效率，政策制定者通常寻求实施纠正这些低效的措施。例如，他们可能会对产生负外部性的活动征税，或为产生正外部性的活动提供补贴。此外，促进市场内的竞争可以帮助确保价格反映真实的供需，从而最大化总盈余。总之，理解经济盈余（经济盈余）对于分析市场的有效性和消费者与生产者的福利至关重要。通过认识到消费者盈余和生产者盈余的重要性，我们可以更好地理解各种因素如何影响整体经济效率。最终，努力推动增强经济盈余（经济盈余）的政策将为整个社会带来更好的结果，创造一个更加平衡和繁荣的经济。